Effectively addressing environmental challenges such as climate change will require adopting policy measures that have some impact on collective human behavior. The present research examined attitudes toward different environmental policies, specifically focusing on the role of perceived justice. Justice was measured in two ways: as an assessment of the fairness of a particular policy and as a general tendency to endorse statements related to environmental justice. Because justice judgments can be context specific, policies were presented in four conditions, in a 2 × 2 design manipulating the type of impact described, ecological or societal, and the level of focus, individual or collective. The roles of political ideology and environmentalism were also investigated. Results from an online sample of 162 US residents showed that non-coercive policies, overall, were rated as more acceptable. Environmental justice statements were strongly endorsed, and justice in both its specific and general forms was a determinant of policy acceptance. In particular, ratings of the fairness of specific policies were a stronger determinant of acceptability than perceived effectiveness of the policy. Type of impact had little effect, but policies tended to be rated as more acceptable when they were framed in terms of the collective rather than the individual. Although a liberal ideology was associated with acceptance of environmental policies in general and with endorsement of environmental justice, controlling for endorsement of environmental justice eliminated the effect of political ideology in most, but not all, cases. Implications for policy support are discussed.

中文翻译：

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感知正义，政治意识形态以及个人或集体框架在支持环境政策中的作用

要有效应对气候变化等环境挑战，就需要采取对集体人类行为产生一定影响的政策措施。本研究研究了对不同环境政策的态度，特别是关注于正义感的作用。公正的衡量有两种方式：一种是对特定政策的公正性进行评估；另一种是倾向于认可与环境公正有关的声明。由于司法判决可能因具体情况而异，因此在两种情况下提出了政策，即采用2×2设计，描述了所描述的影响类型，生态或社会影响以及个人或集体关注的程度。还研究了政治意识形态和环保主义的作用。来自162位美国居民的在线样本结果显示，总体而言，非强制性政策被评为更可接受。强烈赞同环境正义声明，无论是具体形式还是一般形式的正义都是政策能否接受的决定因素。尤其是，对特定政策的公平性评级比对政策的感知有效性更能决定是否接受。影响的类型影响不大，但如果以集体而非个人来制定政策，则往往被认为可以接受。尽管自由主义意识形态与普遍接受环境政策以及对环境正义的认可有关，但在大多数情况下（但并非全部），控制环境正义的认可消除了政治意识形态的影响。