How has the concept of metacognition been used within basic and applied psychological research? We begin our answer by presenting a broad definition of metacognition, a historical overview of its development and its presence in research databases. To assess which function and facets are most frequently addressed within each of the sub-disciplines, we present results from separate literature searches. We then review how metacognition has been defined and empirically explored within selected sub-disciplines in terms of typical research questions, conceptual definitions, how the concept has been measured, and examples of interesting findings and implications. We identify similarities, inconsistencies, and disagreements across fields and point out areas for future research. Our overall conclusion is that it is useful to consider metacognition as a broad umbrella concept across different domains and across basic and applied research. Nonetheless, we recommend that researchers be more specific and explicit about their approach and assumptions whenever using metacognition in their research.

中文翻译：

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心理学中的元认知

在基础和应用心理学研究中如何使用元认知的概念？我们通过提供元认知的广义定义，其发展历程及其在研究数据库中的存在的历史概述来开始我们的答案。为了评估每个子学科中最常解决的功能和方面，我们提供了来自不同文献检索的结果。然后，我们将根据典型的研究问题，概念定义，如何测量该概念以及有趣的发现和含义的示例，回顾如何在选定的子学科中定义和凭经验探索元认知。我们确定了各个领域之间的相似之处，不一致之处和分歧，并指出了需要进一步研究的领域。我们的总体结论是，将元认知视为跨不同领域，跨基础研究和应用研究的广义伞式概念很有用。尽管如此，我们建议研究人员在研究中使用元认知时，对他们的方法和假设要更加具体和明确。