We consider the topic of arrogance from a cross-disciplinary viewpoint. To stimulate further research, we suggest three types of arrogance (individual, comparative, and antagonistic) and six components contributing to them, each logically related to the next. The components progress from imperfect knowledge and abilities to an unrealistic assessment of them, an unwarranted attitude of superiority over other people, and related derisive behavior. Although each component presumably is present to some degree when the next one operates, causality might flow between components in either direction. The classification of components of arrogance should reduce miscommunication among researchers, as the relevant concepts and mechanisms span cognitive, motivational, social, and clinical domains and literatures. Arrogance is an important concept warranting further study for both theoretical and practical reasons, in both psychopathology and normal social interaction. Everyone seems to have qualities of arrogance to some degree, and we consider the importance of arrogance on a spectrum. We contend that humankind can benefit from a better understanding of the cognitive limitations and motivational biases that, operating together, appear to contribute to arrogance. We bring together information and questions that might lead to an invigorating increase in the rate and quality of cross-disciplinary research on arrogance.

中文翻译：

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傲慢的基础：广泛的调查和研究框架

我们从跨学科的角度考虑傲慢的话题。为了激发进一步的研究，我们建议三种傲慢类型（个人，比较和对立）和六个有助于它们的成分，每种成分在逻辑上都与下一个相关。这些组成部分从不完善的知识和能力发展到对其进行不切实际的评估，对他人无能为力的优越态度以及相关的嘲笑行为。尽管每个组件可能在下一组件运行时都存在一定程度的存在，但因果关系可能会在任一方向上在组件之间流动。由于相关概念和机制涵盖了认知，动机，社会和临床领域和文献，因此，自大成分的分类应减少研究人员之间的误解。傲慢是一个重要的概念，需要在心理病理学和正常的社会互动方面从理论和实践两个方面进行进一步研究。每个人似乎都有某种程度的傲慢品质，我们认为自大在频谱上很重要。我们认为，人类可以从对认知局限性和动机偏见的更好理解中受益，这些认识局​​限性和动机偏见一起起作用，会助长傲慢自大。我们汇集了各种信息和问题，这些信息和问题可能会导致跨学科研究的速度和质量不断提高。我们认为，人类可以从对认知局限性和动机偏见的更好理解中受益，这些认识局​​限性和动机偏见一起起作用，似乎有助于自大。我们汇集了各种信息和问题，这些信息和问题可能会导致跨学科研究的速度和质量不断提高。我们认为，人类可以从对认知局限性和动机偏见的更好理解中受益，这些认识局​​限性和动机偏见一起起作用，似乎有助于自大。我们汇集了各种信息和问题，这些信息和问题可能会导致跨学科研究的速度和质量不断提高。