Many empirical studies have demonstrated the psychological effects of various aspects of money, including the aspiration for money, mere thoughts about money, possession of money, and placement of people in economic contexts. Although multiple aspects of money and varied methodologies have been focused on and implemented, the underlying mechanisms of the empirical findings from these seemingly isolated areas significantly overlap. In this article, we operationalize money as a broad concept and take a novel approach by providing an integrated review of the literature and identifying five major streams of mechanisms: (a) self-focused behavior; (b) inhibited other-oriented behavior; (c) favoring of a self–other distinction; (d) money’s relationship with self-esteem and self-efficacy; and (e) goal pursuit, objectification, outcome maximization, and unethicality. Moreover, we propose a unified psychological perspective for the future—money as an embodiment of social distinction—which could potentially account for past findings and generate future work.

中文翻译：

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金钱：心理学观点的综合回顾与综合

许多实证研究已经证明了金钱各个方面的心理影响，包括对金钱的渴望，对金钱的单纯思考，金钱的拥有以及人们在经济环境中的地位。尽管人们关注并实施了金钱和不同方法的多个方面，但这些看似孤立的地区的实证结果的潜在机制却存在明显的重叠。在本文中，我们将金钱作为一个广义的概念进行操作，并通过提供文献的综合回顾并确定五种主要的机制来采用一种新颖的方法：（a）以自我为中心的行为；（b）抑制其他导向的行为；（c）主张区别对待；（d）金钱与自尊和自我效能的关系；（e）目标追求，目标化，成果最大化，和不道德 此外，我们提出了一个关于未来的统一心理学观点，即金钱是社会区别的体现，它可以潜在地解释过去的发现并产生未来的工作。