Although the concept of intersectionality has gained widespread attention in psychological research, there remains a significant gap related to the impact of intersectionality on identity formation for persons negotiating multiple minority statuses. This gap is especially pronounced among sexual and gender expansive women of Latinx and African American descent—two groups that face disparate personal and public health risks but are largely ignored in the research literature. In response to this gap, we carried out a qualitative study using constructivist grounded theory with 20 Latinx and African American sexual minority, gender expansive women to understand participants’ experiences of forming an intersectional social identity. Following an exploration of identity formation related to the specific domains of race, gender identity, and sexual orientation, we prompted participants to consider how each of the specified identity domains impacted the formation and experience of an overall intersectional identity (e.g., how racial position impacted gender identity and/or sexual identity formation). Findings revealed four major themes that were critical in identity formation: (a) family and cultural expectations, (b) freedom to explore identity, (c) the constant negotiation of insider/outsider status, and (d) identity integration as an act of resistance. Implications for future research and psychological services are discussed.

中文翻译：

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身份作为抵抗：种族、性别身份和性取向交叉点上的身份形成


尽管交叉性的概念在心理学研究中得到了广泛关注，但交叉性对谈判多种少数群体身份的人的身份形成的影响仍然存在重大差距。这种差距在性行为和性别扩张的拉丁裔和非裔美国人女性中尤其明显——这两个群体面临着不同的个人和公共健康风险，但在研究文献中基本上被忽视了。针对这一差距，我们利用建构主义扎根理论对 20 名拉丁裔和非裔美国性少数群体、性别扩张女性进行了一项定性研究，以了解参与者形成交叉社会身份的经历。在探索与种族、性别认同和性取向等特定领域相关的身份形成之后，我们促使参与者考虑每个特定的身份领域如何影响整体交叉身份的形成和体验（例如，种族地位如何影响性别认同和/或性认同形成）。调查结果揭示了对身份形成至关重要的四个主题：（a）家庭和文化期望，（b）探索身份的自由，（c）内部/外部身份的不断协商，以及（d）身份整合作为一种行为反抗。讨论了对未来研究和心理服务的影响。