In Linehan’s (1993) biosocial theory, borderline personality disorder (BPD) results in part from frequent, intense, negative emotions and maladaptive behavioral responses to those emotions. We conducted a secondary data analysis of an intensive single-case experimental design to explore hourly relations among behavioral responses and emotions in BPD. Eight participants with BPD (M_age = 21.57, 63% female; 63% Asian-American) reported their emotions and behaviors hourly on two days. Participants reported a neutral-to-negative average emotional state with substantial variability each day. This emotional state was characterized most frequently by anxiety and joy. Participants tended to “dig into”, or savor, experiences of joy, but problem-solve around, push away, or accept anxiety. Acceptance predicted hour-by-hour increases in negative emotion intensity, and pushing emotions away predicted hour-by-hour increases in positive emotion intensity. These results suggest that anxiety dominates the emotional experiences of people with BPD and co-occurs with a variety of emotion regulation strategies, while joy co-occurs with strategies designed to prolong emotional experiences. Despite its general adaptiveness, acceptance may be less effective, and pushing emotions away may be more effective, than other emotion regulation strategies at improving momentary negative emotions for those with BPD. We discuss the preliminary nature of these findings and encourage future researchers to build on them in larger samples with more severe presentations of BPD.

中文翻译：

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边缘型人格障碍的一天：日内情绪产生和调节的初步分析

在 Linehan (1993) 的生物社会理论中，边缘型人格障碍 (BPD) 部分是由频繁、强烈、消极的情绪和对这些情绪的不良行为反应造成的。我们对密集的单案例实验设计进行了二次数据分析，以探索 BPD 中行为反应和情绪之间的每小时关系。八名 BPD 参与者（M_年龄 = 21.57, 63% 女性；63% 的亚裔美国人）在两天内每小时报告一次他们的情绪和行为。参与者每天报告一种中性到负面的平均情绪状态，并且每天都有很大的变化。这种情绪状态最常见的特征是焦虑和快乐。参与者倾向于“挖掘”或品味快乐的经历，但会围绕解决问题、推开或接受焦虑。接受预测消极情绪强度逐小时增加，推开情绪预测积极情绪强度逐小时增加。这些结果表明，焦虑在 BPD 患者的情绪体验中占主导地位，并与各种情绪调节策略同时发生，而快乐与旨在延长情绪体验的策略同时发生。尽管它具有普遍的适应性，与其他情绪调节策略相比，在改善 BPD 患者暂时的负面情绪方面，接受可能不太有效，而将情绪推开可能更有效。我们讨论了这些发现的初步性质，并鼓励未来的研究人员在更严重的 BPD 表现的更大样本中建立这些发现。