The Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression (CES-D) scale is a well-validated and frequently used measure for assessing symptoms associated with depression. This scale was developed primarily on the basis of American populations, however, and previous research has suggested that the original factor structure may not be appropriate for all populations. One such population is the Filipino population. This study represents the first study we are aware of to examine the factor structure of the CES-D scale in a sample of Filipino seafarers. Seafaring is considered a high stress and high risk occupation. Based on data collected from 135 Filipino seafarers, we conducted factor analyses to identify the appropriate factor structure for the CES-D in this population. We found that a three-factor structure better described the responses of Filipinos in our sample than the standard four-factor structure. The Filipino factor structure appears to collapse depressive affect and somatic factors found in previous research, while including a specific factor of social-focused symptoms of depression. This structure maintains the positive affect factor found in previous work. Implications of this for clinical psychology assessment and practice in the Philippines are discussed.

中文翻译：

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菲律宾海员中抑郁症的概念化

流行病学研究中心-抑郁症（CES-D）量表是一种经过充分验证的常用方法，用于评估与抑郁症相关的症状。该量表主要是根据美国人口制定的，但是，先前的研究表明，原始因素结构可能并不适合所有人口。菲律宾人口就是其中之一。这项研究代表了我们了解的第一项研究，该研究旨在检查菲律宾海员样本中CES-D量表的因素结构。航海被认为是高压力和高风险的职业。基于从135名菲律宾海员那里收集的数据，我们进行了因子分析，以找出该人群中CES-D的合适因子结构。我们发现，三因子结构比标准的四因子结构更好地描述了样品中菲律宾人的反应。菲律宾因素结构似乎使先前研究中发现的抑郁情绪和躯体因素崩溃，同时还包括一个以社会为重点的抑郁症状的特定因素。这种结构保持了以前工作中发现的积极影响因素。讨论了这对菲律宾临床心理学评估和实践的影响。