Freedom from fear and freedom from want are two of the fundamental freedoms and likely related to changes in the environment. It has usually been assumed that our subjective feelings should change accordingly with changes in the objective environment. However, two counterintuitive effects reviewed in this article imply a rather complex psychological mechanism behind how people respond to environmental changes and strive for the freedom from fear and want. The first is the ‘psychological typhoon eye’ effect, in which the closer people are to hazards, the calmer they feel. Several possible explanations have been proposed, but the mechanism behind this effect remains unclear. The findings are important for future post-disaster interventions and helpful for policy makers in risk management and researchers in risk studies. The second effect is the ‘town dislocation’ effect, wherein although inhabitants’ objective quality of life is improved during the urbanisation process, the projected endorsement and rated social ambience of town residents is lower than that of residents in the country and in the city; this effect is mediated by social support. The findings have implications for how to better assess the urbanisation process and how to improve people's affective appraisals of their living environment.

中文翻译：

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“免于恐惧和匮乏”与我们对环境变化的心理反应

免于恐惧和免于匮乏是两项基本自由，很可能与环境变化有关。通常认为，我们的主观感觉应该随着客观环境的变化而相应地变化。但是，本文所回顾的两个违反直觉的影响暗示着人们如何应对环境变化并争取摆脱恐惧和匮乏的背后背后相当复杂的心理机制。第一个是“心理台风眼”效应，在这种效应中，人们越接近危险，他们就会感到更加平静。已经提出了几种可能的解释，但是这种作用背后的机制仍不清楚。这些发现对于未来的灾后干预非常重要，并且对于风险管理中的决策者和风险研究中的研究人员也非常有用。第二个效应是“城镇错位”效应，尽管在城市化过程中居民的客观生活质量得到了改善，但城镇居民的预期认可和额定的社会氛围却低于该国家和城市居民。这种影响是通过社会支持来实现的。这些发现对如何更好地评估城市化进程以及如何改善人们对生活环境的情感评价具有重要意义。