Research suggests people try to protect their social self-esteem from threats from the ingroup or the outgroup. However, how members react to a threat to social self-esteem from a third party remains unclear. Three studies were conducted to examine the influence of a threat to social self-esteem from an authoritative third party on ingroup favoritism. We explored the effect of negative (versus positive) evaluation from the testing system on explicit and implicit ingroup favoritism in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively. We compared the effect of negative evaluation posed by the testing system or the competitive outgroup on ingroup favoritism in Study 3. Results suggested that individuals experiencing a threat to social self-esteem from an authoritative third party manifested less ingroup favoritism than those experiencing no threat or outgroup threat. The theoretical implications of this research on social identity theory and the practical implications of reducing intergroup bias are discussed.

中文翻译：

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离开被攻击的团体：权威的批评减少了团体的偏爱

研究表明，人们试图保护自己的社会自尊，以免受到群体内或群体的威胁。但是，尚不清楚成员如何应对第三方对社会自尊的威胁。进行了三项研究，以检验权威第三方对社交自尊的威胁对群体内偏爱的影响。我们分别研究了研究1和研究2中测试系统的负面评估（相对于正面评估）对显性和隐性群体偏爱的影响。我们在研究3中比较了测试系统或竞争性外部群体对群体内偏爱的负面评价的影响。结果表明，受到权威性第三方对社会自尊的威胁的人比没有威胁或自尊的人表现出的群体内偏爱要少。外群威胁。