Functional deficits are a hallmark of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but much debate still exists over why and how they originate. One model suggests that disturbances in social functioning are a result of metacognitive deficits or a failure to integrate information to form more complex ideas of themselves and others. It is unclear if this social dysfunction is present across different symptom presentations. We examined the relationship of metacognition, symptoms, and social functioning among a sample of adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (N = 334). A latent class analysis produced a four-class model. Groups were classified as follows: diffuse symptoms/moderately impaired social functioning (Class 1), positive and hostility symptoms/mildly impaired social functioning (Class 2), minimal symptoms/good social functioning (Class 3), and negative and cognitive symptoms/severely impaired social functioning (Class 4). Class 3 demonstrated better overall metacognitive capacity than both Classes 1 and 4 but did not differ significantly from Class 2. Classes 2 and 3 both demonstrated better interpersonal functioning than Classes 1 and 4. Together, these findings provide support for models of poor functioning that stem from fragmentation of an individual’s experience, leading to diminished abilities to form meaningful connections with others. Additional interpretations, limitations, and research implications are discussed.

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症各症状特征的元认知缺陷和社会功能：潜在类别分析

功能缺陷是精神分裂症谱系障碍的标志，但是关于它们为何以及如何起源的争论仍然很多。一种模型表明，社会功能障碍是元认知缺陷或未能整合信息以形成关于自己和他人的更复杂观念的结果。目前尚不清楚这种社交功能障碍是否存在于不同的症状表现中。我们检查了患有精神分裂症频谱障碍（N = 334）的成年人样本中元认知，症状和社会功能的关系。潜在类别分析产生了四个类别的模型。各组的分类如下：弥漫性症状/中度社交功能受损（第1类），阳性和敌对症状/中度社交功能受损（第2类），轻微症状/良好的社交功能（第3类），负面和认知症状/严重损害社交功能（第4类）。第3类比第1类和第4类表现出更好的整体元认知能力，但与第2类没有显着差异。第2和第3类都表现出比第1和第4类更好的人际交往能力。这些发现共同为干性差的模型提供了支持。由于个人经验的支离破碎，导致与他人形成有意义联系的能力下降。讨论了其他解释，局限性和研究意义。2级和3级都表现出比1级和4级更好的人际交往功能。这些发现一起为功能差的模型提供了支持，这些模型是由于个人经历的支离破碎而导致与他人形成有意义的联系的能力下降。讨论了其他解释，局限性和研究意义。2级和3级都表现出比1级和4级更好的人际交往功能。这些发现一起为功能差的模型提供了支持，这些模型是由于个人经历的支离破碎而导致与他人形成有意义的联系的能力下降。讨论了其他解释，局限性和研究意义。