Metacognition refers to a spectrum of activities which spans from noticing discrete experiences to synthesizing them into a larger sense of the self and others. Evidence suggesting that deficits in metacognition are broadly present in schizophrenia and represent a potent barrier to recovery from schizophrenia has led to increasing interest in the development of metacognitively oriented treatments. In this article, we will describe the development of one such treatment, metacognitive reflection and insight therapy (MERIT), an integrative form of psychotherapy defined by eight core elements. We will first discuss the concept of metacognition as a means to operationalize the processes which enable persons to have a sense of themselves and others available for reflection and that can then serve as the basis for effective and agentic responses to psychosocial challenges. We will then discuss methods for assessing metacognition, the development of MERIT as a treatment that targets metacognition, and how MERIT compares with other treatments. Next, we will discuss empirical support for MERIT’s role in recovery including its potential to assist persons to develop their own personally meaningful sense of their challenges and then decide how to effectively respond to those challenges and manage their own recovery.

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症的元认知和恢复：从研究到元认知反射和洞察疗法的发展

元认知是指一系列活动，其范围从注意到离散经历到将其综合成对自我和他人的更大意义。有证据表明，精神分裂症中普遍存在元认知缺陷，并代表了从精神分裂症恢复的强大障碍，这导致人们对以元认知为导向的治疗方法的兴趣日益浓厚。在本文中，我们将描述一种此类治疗方法的发展，元认知反射和洞察疗法（MERIT），这是由八个核心要素定义的心理治疗的一种综合形式。我们将首先讨论元认知的概念，将其作为使这些过程能够使人们具有自我意识和他人可以反思的过程的一种手段，然后可以作为对社会心理挑战进行有效和积极响应的基础。然后，我们将讨论评估元认知的方法，将MERIT作为靶向元认知的治疗方法的发展以及MERIT与其他治疗方法的比较。接下来，我们将讨论对MERIT在恢复中的作用的实证支持，包括其可能帮助人们发展自己对挑战的个人意义，然后决定如何有效应对这些挑战并管理自己的恢复。MERIT作为针对元认知的治疗方法的发展，以及MERIT与其他治疗方法的比较。接下来，我们将讨论对MERIT在恢复中的作用的实证支持，包括其可能帮助人们发展自己对挑战的个人意义，然后决定如何有效应对这些挑战并管理自己的恢复。MERIT作为针对元认知的治疗方法的发展，以及MERIT与其他治疗方法的比较。接下来，我们将讨论对MERIT在恢复中的作用的实证支持，包括其可能帮助人们发展自己对挑战的个人意义，然后决定如何有效应对这些挑战并管理自己的恢复。