Empirically capturing sociocultural interpretations—situated interpretations of linguistic expressions shared among members of a group—can be difficult for two reasons: First, the interpretations themselves cannot be directly observed and, second, the contexts that enable these interpretations cannot be defined independently of them. Yet, the reality of such interpretations attested in piece after piece of empirical research calls for an explanation. This article outlines a bottom-up methodology that seeks to extract context-sensitive definitions of, on one hand, sociocultural interpretations and, on the other hand, the context variables that covary with them, from the data itself. Uptake-based definitions of sociocultural interpretations are empirically verifiable and include speaker, context, and addressee contributions to the bringing about of a certain sociocultural interpretation. Dynamic definitions of macro-social variables (gender, age, class, ethnicity, region, etc.) can emerge by gradually abstracting over the minimal contexts that are found to enable particular sociocultural interpretations. The article outlines with examples how this methodology can be applied to spoken conversational data, as well as some of its limitations.

中文翻译：

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社会文化诠释的差异化：方法论上的考虑

从经验上捕捉社会文化解释（即在群体成员之间共享的语言表达的解释）可能很困难，原因有两个：第一，无法直接观察到解释本身；第二，实现这些解释的上下文不能独立定义。然而，这种解释的真实性在一项实证研究中得到了逐一证明，这需要一种解释。本文概述了一种自下而上的方法，该方法旨在一方面从数据本身中提取对上下文敏感的定义，这些定义一方面是社会文化的解释，另一方面是与之相关的上下文变量。基于吸收的社会文化解释的定义可以凭经验验证，包括说话者，上下文，和收件人对某种社会文化解释的贡献。宏观社会变量（性别，年龄，阶级，种族，地区等）的动态定义可以通过逐渐抽象化发现的最小上下文来出现，这些最小上下文可以实现特定的社会文化解释。本文通过示例概述了如何将该方法应用于语音对话数据及其局限性。