Sex differences in aspects of independent versus interdependent self-construal and depressive symptoms were surveyed among 5,320 students from 24 nations. Men were found to perceive themselves as more self-contained whereas women perceived themselves as more connected to others. No significant sex differences were found on two further dimensions of self-construal, or on a measure of depressive symptoms. Multilevel modeling was used to test the ability of a series of predictors derived from a social identity perspective and from evolutionary theory to moderate sex differences. Contrary to most prior studies of personality, sex differences in self-construal were larger in samples from nations scoring lower on the Gender Gap Index, and the Human Development Index. Sex differences were also greater in nations with higher pathogen prevalence, higher self-reported religiosity, and in nations with high reported avoidance of settings with strong norms. The findings are discussed in terms of the interrelatedness of self-construals and the cultural contexts in which they are elicited and the distinctiveness of student samples.

中文翻译：

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自我建构和抑郁症状中的性别差异：跨国差异的预测因子

在来自24个国家的5,320名学生中，调查了独立，相互依赖的自我建构和抑郁症状方面的性别差异。人们发现男人认为自己更独立，而女人则认为自己与他人更紧密联系。在自我建构的另外两个维度或抑郁症状的测量上，未发现明显的性别差异。多级建模用于测试一系列从社会认同角度和进化理论到温和性别差异的预测变量的能力。与大多数先前的人格研究相反，在性别差距指数和人类发展指数得分较低的国家的样本中，自我建构的性别差异更大。在病原体患病率较高的国家，性别差异也更大，自我报告的宗教信仰较高，并且在许多国家避免采用强规范的环境中。我们根据自我解释的相互关联性和引发这些文化背景的文化背景以及学生样本的独特性来讨论这些发现。