ABSTRACT

We presented participants with simple diagrams representing a transformation from x to y, and asked them to draw what they considered to be the opposite process/es. The focus of the study was on the participants’ naïve idea of opposites and on whether asking them to write a verbal description of the stimulus prior to the task (implying more conscious cognitive processing) would affect their responses.

A simple reversal of x and y was the first solution offered. However, the participants who performed the initial verbal description also thought of a second option, where x and y were modified but not reversed. Conversely, in cases where the participants did not give a prior written description, the two most frequent response patterns always implied a reversal of the initial order of x and y. The results are discussed in relation to previous literature on the naïve idea of opposites and on the subject of antithetical reasoning. Further issues to be investigated are also suggested.

摘要

我们为参与者提供了表示从x到y转换的简单图表，并要求他们画出他们认为相反的过程。该研究的重点是参与者的天真的对立观念，以及要求他们在任务之前写出对刺激的口头描述（暗示更自觉的认知加工）会影响他们的反应。

x和y的简单反转是提供的第一个解决方案。但是，执行初始口头描述的参与者还想到了第二种选择，其中x和y进行了修改，但没有颠倒。相反，在参与者没有给出事先书面说明的情况下，两个最常见的响应模式始终暗示着x和y初始顺序的颠倒。结合以往关于对立的天真思想和对立推理的文献，对研究结果进行了讨论。还建议进一步调查问题。