The developmental transition from adolescence to adulthood, a period of time known as emerging adulthood, is marked by great personal growth and interpersonal maturation (Arnett, Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties, Oxford University Press, New York, 2004). Risk-taking behaviors are seen as a significant impediment to positive development during emerging adulthood. However, few researchers have examined how underlying cognitive processes contribute to the development and exacerbation of risk-taking behaviors at this time. In the current study, we examined the multivariate associations between early maladaptive schemas (disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy, impaired limits, other-directedness, overvigilance, and inhibition) and expected involvement in five indices of risky behaviors for college women (n = 341) and college men (n = 143). Gender-specific patterns emerged in the prediction of different risk-behavior indices. Early maladaptive schemas accounted for 24% of the variance in men’s anticipated engagement in risky sexual behavior (vs. 9% of women’s). Early maladaptive schemas accounted for 20% of the variance in women’s anticipated engagement in both academic/work and illegal/aggressive risky behaviors (vs. 11 and 9% of men’s). In addition, unique schema domains differentially predicted variance in risky sexual, illicit drug use, heavy drinking, and aggressive/illegal risk behavior for each gender. Gender-sensitive and schema-specific prevention efforts for different types of risky behaviors, often present during emerging adulthood, may be warranted.

中文翻译：

---

大学生早期适应不良模式与预期风险行为的关系

从青春期到成年期的发展过渡，这段时期被称为新兴成年期，其特征在于个人的巨大成长和人际关系的成熟（Arnett，新兴成年期：从十几岁到二十多岁的曲折道路，牛津大学出版社，纽约， 2004）。冒险行为被认为是成年后积极发展的重要障碍。然而，很少有研究者研究潜在的认知过程如何在此时促进冒险行为的发展和加剧。在目前的研究中，我们研究了早期适应不良模式（断开和拒绝，自主性受损，界限受损，其他方向，过度警惕，n  = 341）和大学男士（n  = 143）。在预测不同风险行为指数时出现了针对性别的模式。早期不良适应方案占男性预期参与的危险性行为差异的24％（​​女性为9％）。早期不良适应方案占女性预期参与学术/工作和非法/攻击性风险行为差异的20％（分别为男性的11％和9％）。此外，独特的架构域可以差异地预测每个性别在性行为，非法药物使用，酗酒以及攻击性/非法风险行为方面的差异。可能需要针对成年成年期间经常出现的不同类型的危险行为，采取对性别敏感和针对特定模式的预防措施。