Introduction

While research has shown convincingly that psychologically controlling parenting increases the risk for internalizing and externalizing problems among adolescents, little is known about how adolescents cope with such parenting. This study examined the role of two non-autonomous ways of coping (i.e., compulsive compliance and oppositional defiance) and one more autonomous way of coping (i.e., negotiation) in the associations between psychologically controlling parenting and internalizing and externalizing problems.

Method

Two-wave data from a larger longitudinal study with Belgian adolescents (N = 198; 51% female; mean age = 14.89 years, range = 13–17 years) were analyzed using multilevel modeling.

Results

The results showed that oppositional defiance exacerbated associations between psychologically controlling parenting and externalizing problems at the between-person level of analysis. Both compulsive compliance and negotiation exacerbated the association with internalizing problems at the within-person level. In addition to these moderating effects, both oppositional defiance and negotiation played a partly mediating role in associations between psychologically controlling parenting and externalizing problems and oppositional defiance partly mediated associations between psychologically controlling parenting and internalizing problems at the between-person level.

Conlusion

Overall, results suggest that oppositional defiance and compulsive compliance are rather dysfunctional coping responses and that negotiation is a mixed blessing. Directions for future research are discussed.

中文翻译：

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青少年如何处理侵入式育儿？应对心理控制育儿在内部化和外部化问题中的作用

介绍

尽管研究令人信服地表明，从心理上控制父母做事会增加青少年内在化和外在化问题的风险，但对于青少年如何应对这种育儿知之甚少。这项研究考察了两种非自主的应对方式（即强制性顺从和对立的反抗）和另一种自主的应对方式（即谈判）在心理控制父母，内化和外化问题之间的关联中的作用。

方法

使用多层模型分析了来自比利时青少年的较大纵向研究（N = 198；女性51％；平均年龄= 14.89岁，范围= 13-17岁）的两波数据。

结果

结果表明，在人际分析的层面上，对立的反抗加剧了心理控制育儿与外部化问题之间的联系。强迫性合规和谈判都加剧了人际关系内部化问题的联系。除了这些调节作用之外，在人际层面上，对立反抗和谈判在心理控制父母和外部化问题之间的关联中起着部分中介的作用，而对立反抗则部分地在人际层面上在心理控制父母和内化问题之间起着中介作用。

结语

总体而言，研究结果表明，反对派的蔑视和强迫性遵从是相当不正常的应对措施，而谈判则是喜忧参半。讨论了未来研究的方向。