ABSTRACT

Motor simulation (MS) interventions incorporating motor imagery (MI), and more recently action observation (AO), are readily accepted as effective interventions to enhance motor skill performance. Existing models in the MS literature fail to consider the entire spectrum of MS interventions, focusing on MI or AO alone. This paper examines the theoretical basis and current understanding of MS efficacy, and introduces a novel, conceptual, Motor Simulation and Performance Model (MSPM) representing the performance improvements predicted to be associated with engaging with MS across expertise levels. The MSPM also outlines the multiple factors which regulate the efficacy of MS interventions. Based on the available evidence, the model suggests that MI will have a greater relative effect on performance as expertise increases, AO will have a greater effect in low skilled compared to high skilled performers, and that combined AO and MI (AO + MI) will be more effective than either MI or AO in isolation. The MSPM also depicts the additive effect of physical practice in conjunction with MS interventions. The MSPM represents for the first time the relative effects of various methods of motor learning based on evidence provided by the existing literature. It also highlights areas of research requiring further attention.

摘要

结合了运动图像（MI）和最近的动作观察（AO）的运动模拟（MS）干预已被广泛接受为提高运动技能表现的有效干预措施。MS文献中的现有模型未能考虑MS干预的整个范围，仅关注MI或AO。本文考察了对MS功效的理论基础和当前理解，并介绍了一种新颖的概念性电机模拟和性能模型（MSPM），该模型代表了预计与跨专业水平的MS参与相关的性能改进。MSPM还概述了调节MS干预效果的多种因素。根据现有证据，该模型表明，随着专业技能的提高， MI将对绩效产生更大的相对影响，与高技能的表演者相比，AO将在低技能的表演者中发挥更大的作用，而AO和MI的组合（AO + MI）将比单独使用MI或AO更为有效。MSPM还描述了体育锻炼与MS干预相结合的累加效果。MSPM首次根据现有文献提供的证据，代表了各种运动学习方法的相对效果。它还强调了需要进一步关注的研究领域。