ABSTRACT

Background: Exercise helps many aspects of cognition, but at this time no review has summarized the literature on the association of exercise and physical fitness with attention. Method: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases. After inclusion criteria assessment, a final pool of 44 articles was included. A number of behavioral and neurophysiological indices of attention were examined. Results: The majority of studies showed an increase in performance of attention. Acute exercise results in greater enhancement of attention in those who are active. There was an association of aerobic fitness and attention in the young and old, but not in young adults. Aerobic exercise training interventions generally resulted in positive changes, while some resistance training studies detected no evidence of an effect. Not all forms of exercise were effective. Shorter interventions were inferior with respect to longer ones. Most studies were rated with a moderate methodological quality. Conclusion: There is an association of aerobic exercise (acute and chronic) and aerobic fitness with attention. Future research should determine the dose and mechanisms by which different forms of physical activity and exercise may influence the development of different components of attention along the lifespan.

摘要

背景：运动有助于认知的许多方面，但目前尚无任何综述总结关于运动与身体健康与注意力之间关系的文献。方法：在PubMed，ISI Web of Knowledge和Scopus数据库上进行了系统的搜索。在纳入标准评估之后，最终纳入了44篇文章。检查了许多注意行为和神经生理学指标。结果：大多数研究表明注意力表现有所提高。剧烈运动可使活跃的人更加集中注意力。有氧健身和注意力的相关性在年轻人和老年人中都有，但在年轻人中却没有。有氧运动训练干预通常会导致积极的变化，而一些阻力训练研究未发现有效果的证据。并非所有形式的锻炼都是有效的。较短的干预要比较长的干预逊色。大多数研究被评为中等方法学质量。结论：有氧运动（急性和慢性）与有氧运动的注意相关。未来的研究应该确定剂量和机制，通过这些剂量和机制，不同形式的体育活动和锻炼可能会影响整个寿命过程中注意力的不同组成部分的发展。