ABSTRACT

The role and importance of peripheral vision have been discussed across various sports. Yet, its functionality remains unclear and the terms employed in the literature to characterize the use of peripheral vision are not well defined. We present a review of 29 studies focusing on the use of peripheral vision in sports. We focus on the methodological approaches employed to study its use and identify the mechanisms that may underlie the effective use of peripheral vision in sport. We define key differences between ‘gaze anchors’ and ‘visual pivots’ and introduce the concept of a ‘foveal spot’. All three gaze behaviors, while being characterized by a consistent, dynamically adjustable gaze location, have different functionalities. A gaze anchor is a cue-optimized position used for the monitoring of peripheral cues and avoiding the negative consequences of saccades (i.e. information suppression), especially under time pressure. A visual pivot is a distance-optimized location between relevant cues which allows athletes to optimally initiate saccades to those cues, especially if the costs of eye-movements are low. A foveal spot is primarily used for information processing via the fovea. Finally, we highlight suggestions for future research to improve our understanding of the functional differences between these gaze behaviors.

摘要

周围视觉的作用和重要性已在各种运动中进行了讨论。然而，其功能仍不清楚，并且文献中用于表征周围视觉的特征的术语还没有很好地定义。我们对29项研究进行了综述，这些研究集中在运动中使用周边视觉。我们专注于研究方法的使用的方法论方法，并确定可能在运动中有效使用外围视觉的机制。我们定义了“凝视锚”和“视觉枢轴”之间的主要区别，并介绍了“中央凹点”的概念。所有这三种凝视行为均具有一致的，可动态调整的凝视位置，但具有不同的功能。凝视锚是一个提示优化位置，用于监视外围提示并避免扫视的负面影响（即信息抑制），尤其是在时间压力下。视觉枢轴是相关提示之间距离优化的位置，该位置使运动员可以最佳地针对这些提示启动扫视运动，尤其是在眼动成本较低的情况下。中央凹部位主要用于通过中央凹进行信息处理。最后，我们重点介绍了未来研究的建议，以增进我们对这些注视行为之间功能差异的理解。尤其是眼动运动的成本较低时。中央凹部位主要用于通过中央凹进行信息处理。最后，我们重点介绍了未来研究的建议，以增进我们对这些注视行为之间功能差异的理解。尤其是眼动运动的成本较低时。中央凹部位主要用于通过中央凹进行信息处理。最后，我们重点介绍了未来研究的建议，以增进我们对这些注视行为之间功能差异的理解。