ABSTRACT

Large Group (LG) developed in a postwar period searching for answers about the effects of group membership on the individual. If individuals perpetrating evil in World War II were “banal,” a group effect was suspected of eliciting their extreme brutality. Following Bion’s ideas, group psychoanalysis explored this using free association in a public setting. Later generations systematized his ideas out of context. They sought to professionalize and extend his and other psychoanalytic group theories yet they still worried that the group effect was regressive. After the Cold War, faith in democracy increased and likewise optimism about the effect of group on the individual. Sociotherapy and therapeutic community could furnish the social context missing in individual psychotherapy. LG could also examine relationships between inside and outside – individual mind and social structure. More recently, however, concern about negative group effects has returned. LG theorists have drawn from relational psychoanalysis, a model based on the intimacy of the individual session. However, personal encounter with “the other” is ideal in a small group setting where members feel they belong. What LG offers is understanding the experience of being in a crowd. Meanwhile, LG is popular at group therapy conferences, but we do not know what draws attendees. If leaders and members harbor different aspirations, they may not work constructively together. It would be helpful to understand what participants seek and how setting and format interact. This article begins with a naïve account of exposure to a crowd and then LG.

 抽象的

大团体（LG）是在战后时期发展起来的，旨在寻找团体成员身份对个人影响的答案。如果说二战中作恶的个人是“平庸的”，那么群体效应就被怀疑引发了他们的极端残暴行为。遵循比昂的想法，群体精神分析利用公共环境中的自由联想对此进行了探索。后人断章取义地系统化了他的思想。他们试图专业化并扩展他和其他精神分析群体理论，但他们仍然担心群体效应是倒退的。冷战结束后，人们对民主的信心增强，对群体对个人影响的乐观态度也同样增强。社会治疗和治疗社区可以提供个人心理治疗中缺失的社会背景。 LG 还可以检查内部和外部之间的关系——个人思想和社会结构。然而，最近人们又开始担心负面群体效应。 LG 理论家借鉴了关系精神分析，这是一种基于个人会话亲密程度的模型。然而，在成员感觉有归属感的小团体环境中，与“他人”的个人接触是理想的。 LG 提供的是理解在人群中的体验。与此同时，LG 在团体治疗会议上很受欢迎，但我们不知道是什么吸引了与会者。如果领导者和成员抱有不同的愿望，他们可能无法进行建设性的合作。了解参与者寻求什么以及设置和格式如何相互作用将很有帮助。这篇文章首先简单地描述了暴露在人群中的情况，然后是 LG。