ABSTRACT

Building on theories of conscious goals and feedback, we investigated the moderating effect of negative feedback on the relation between subconscious goals and performance. In two lab experiments, we manipulated subconscious performance goals and negative feedback about personal performance as well as social comparison information. In Study 1 (n = 80), subconscious goals positively influenced performance in an attention and concentration task when participants had received no feedback and negatively when participants had been confronted with negative performance feedback. In Study 2 (n = 90), additional comparison feedback indicating a higher performance of others led to higher performance of participants with versus without subconscious performance goals. The moderating effect of feedback was visible in self-efficacy, and we found partial support for its mediating role.

摘要

基于意识目标和反馈的理论，我们研究了负反馈对潜意识目标与绩效之间关系的调节作用。在两个实验室实验中，我们操纵了下意识的表现目标以及对个人表现以及社会比较信息的负面反馈。在研究1（n  = 80）中，当参与者没有收到反馈时，潜意识目标对注意力和集中力任务的表现有正面影响，而当参与者面对负面表现反馈时，则有负面影响。在研究2（n = 90），则其他比较反馈表明其他人的表现更高，无论有无潜意识目标，参与者的表现都更高。反馈的调节作用在自我效能感中可见，我们发现其调节作用得到部分支持。