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The evaluative information ecology: On the frequency and diversity of “good” and “bad”
European Review of Social Psychology ( IF 10.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-24 , DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2019.1688474
Christian Unkelbach 1 , Alex Koch 2 , Hans Alves 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

We propose the Evaluative Information Ecology (EvIE) model as a model of the social environment. It makes two assumptions: Positive “good” information is more frequent compared to negative “bad” information and positive information is more similar and less diverse compared to negative information. We review support for these two properties based on psycho-lexical studies (e.g., negative trait words are used less frequently but they are more diverse), studies on affective reactions (e.g., people experience positive emotions more frequently but negative emotions are more diverse), and studies using direct similarity assessments (i.e., people rate positive information as more similar/less diverse compared to negative information). Next, we suggest explanations for the two properties building on potential adaptive advantages, reinforcement learning, hedonistic sampling processes, similarity from co-occurrence, and similarity from restricted ranges. Finally, we provide examples of how the EvIE model refines well-established effects (e.g., intergroup biases; preferences for groups without motivation or intent) and how it leads to the discovery of novel phenomena (e.g., the common good phenomenon; people share positive traits but negative traits make them distinct). We close by discussing the benefits relative to the drawbacks of ecological approaches in social psychology and how an ecological and cognitive level of analysis may complement each other.



中文翻译:

评价信息生态学:论“好”与“坏”的频率和多样性

摘要

我们提出了评估信息生态学(EvIE)模型作为社会环境模型。它有两个假设:与否定的“坏”信息相比,肯定的“好”信息更加频繁,而与否定的信息相比,肯定的信息则更加相似且多样性更低。我们基于心理-词汇研究(例如,负面特质词的使用频率较低,但它们更多样化),关于情感反应的研究(例如,人们体验正面情绪的频率更高,而负面情绪的多样性则更高),来回顾对这两个属性的支持,以及使用直接相似性评估的研究(即,人们将正面信息评为与负面信息相比,相似性/差异性较小)。接下来,我们建议根据潜在的适应优势(强化学习,享乐主义采样过程,共现相似性和有限范围相似性。最后,我们提供了一些示例,说明了EvIE模型如何完善公认的影响(例如,群体间的偏见;对没有动机或意图的群体的偏爱),以及它如何导致发现新颖现象(例如,共同的好现象;人们分享积极特质,但负面特质使它们与众不同)。最后,我们讨论了相对于生态心理学方法在社会心理学中的弊端的好处,以及生态和认知水平的分析如何相互补充。对没有动机或意图的群体的偏爱)及其如何导致发现新颖现象(例如,共同的好现象;人们具有积极的特质,但消极的特质则使他们与众不同)。最后,我们讨论了相对于生态心理学方法在社会心理学中的弊端的好处,以及生态和认知水平的分析如何相互补充。对没有动机或意图的群体的偏爱)及其如何导致发现新颖现象(例如,共同的好现象;人们拥有积极的特质,但消极的特质则使他们与众不同)。最后,我们讨论了相对于生态心理学方法在社会心理学中的弊端的好处,以及生态和认知水平的分析如何相互补充。

更新日期:2019-11-24
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