ABSTRACT

Self-regulation research has flourished for the last three decades. In social psychology and beyond, a number of motivational approaches have been developed and these have provided new insights about numerous phenomena. However, a theoretical integration of these approaches is lacking, as are empirical comparisons across theories. This article seeks to make a step towards closing this gap. We do so by suggesting a model that specifies the relation between threat and challenge – as defined by the Biopsychosocial Model of arousal regulation – on the one hand, and promotion and prevention focus – as defined by Regulatory Focus Theory – on the other hand. In addition, the literature on the relation between these four motivational states and their impact on (a) the processing of valenced information and (b) the preference for (social) contexts is reviewed. Finally, we identify avenues for further research.

摘要

在过去的三十年中，自我调节研究蓬勃发展。在社会心理学及其他方面，已经开发了许多激励方法，这些方法为许多现象提供了新的见解。然而，缺乏这些方法的理论整合，以及跨理论的实证比较。本文力图为缩小这一差距迈出一步。为此，我们提出了一个模型，该模型一方面指定了威胁与挑战之间的关系（如唤醒调节的生物心理社会模型所定义），另一方面又指定了由监管重点理论所定义的促进和预防重点。此外，回顾了关于这四个动机状态之间的关系及其对（a）有价信息处理和（b）（社会）情境偏好的影响的文献。最后，我们确定了进一步研究的途径。