ABSTRACT

Building on classic game theory, psychologists have explored the effects of social preferences and expectations on strategic behaviour. Ordinary social perceivers are sensitive to additional contextual factors not addressed by game theory and its recent psychological extensions. We review the results of a research programme exploring how observers judge “players” (i.e., individuals making strategic decisions in social dilemmas) on the dimensions of competence and morality. We explore social perception in several well-known dilemmas, including the prisoner’s dilemma, the volunteer’s dilemma, and the trust dilemma. We also introduce a novel self-presentational dilemma. In research conducted over a decade and a half, we have found that judgements of competence are sensitive to both players’ choices and the dilemma’s (expected and actual) outcomes. In contrast, judgements of morality respond strongly to players’ behaviour and little else. We discuss how these social-perceptual patterns might affect expectations, preferences, and strategic choices.

摘要

心理学家以经典博弈论为基础，探索了社会偏好和期望对战略行为的影响。普通的社会感知者对博弈论及其最近的心理扩展未解决的其他情境因素敏感。我们回顾了一项研究计划的结果，该研究计划探讨观察员如何根据能力和道德水平来评判“参与者”（即，在社会困境中做出战略决策的个人）。我们在几个众所周知的困境中探索社会认知，包括囚徒困境，志愿者困境和信任困境。我们还介绍了一种新颖的自我表现困境。在长达十年半的研究中，我们发现，对能力的判断对玩家的选择和困境（预期和实际）的结果都很敏感。相反，道德判断对玩家的行为反应强烈，而对其他行为的反应则很小。我们讨论了这些社会感知模式如何影响期望，偏好和战略选择。