ABSTRACT

According to Intergroup Threat Theory (Stephan, Ybarra, & Rios, 2015), perceived threats from outgroups can be categorised into realistic threats (to the ingroup’s power, resources, or well-being) and symbolic threats (to the ingroup’s values, identity, or way of life). Although many studies have documented correlations between such threats and intergroup attitudes, experimental and quasiexperimental tests of Intergroup Threat Theory are relatively sparse. In the present article, we review our own and others’ research on manipulations, moderators, and consequences of realistic and symbolic threat, with close attention to the ways in which these threats are similar vs. different. Given the growing racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity in the Western world, understanding how and under what conditions each type of threat can be causally induced is critical to reducing threat and ultimately improving intergroup harmony.

摘要

根据群体间威胁理论（Stephan，Ybarra和Rios，2015年），感知到的来自外部群体的威胁可以分为现实威胁（对群体内力量，资源或福祉的威胁）和象征性威胁。（针对小组成员的价值观，身份或生活方式）。尽管许多研究已经记录了此类威胁与群体间态度之间的相关性，但群体间威胁理论的实验和准实验测试相对较少。在本文中，我们将回顾我们自己和其他人对操纵，主持人以及现实和象征性威胁的后果的研究，并密切关注这些威胁是相似还是不同的方式。鉴于西方世界种族，族裔和文化的多样性日益增长，了解如何以及在何种条件下引发各种类型的威胁对于减少威胁并最终改善群体间的和谐至关重要。