Holistic processing is inferred from a number of effects, many of which suggest that people generally find it difficult to process face parts independently. The study of holistic processing using faces has revealed many failures of convergence across different measures, as well as very poor reliability. New tasks designed for individual-differences measurement of holistic processing are more reliable. But other challenges to the study of individual differences in holistic processing require a different approach, in particular the use of nonface objects. Observers’ experiences with faces may be so extensive that it cannot be quantified. In addition, it is difficult to manipulate experience with faces to study causes and mechanisms underlying holistic effects. Recent work has combined an individual-differences approach with a parametric manipulation of experience to reveal that holistic processing arises from domain-specific experience. Other work has revealed that learned attention to parts is sufficient to result in holistic processing, consistent with a mechanism rooted in category-specific learned attention.

中文翻译：

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我们只能从非面部对象中学到的关于整体面部处理的知识

整体处理可以从多种效果中推断出来，其中许多效果表明人们通常很难独立地处理面部。对使用面部进行整体处理的研究发现，在不同方法之间收敛的许多失败，以及非常差的可靠性。专为整体处理的个体差异测量而设计的新任务更加可靠。但是，研究整体处理中个体差异的其他挑战需要采用不同的方法，尤其是使用非面部对象。观察者面对面孔的经验可能如此广泛，以至于无法量化。此外，难以操纵面部经验来研究整体影响的原因和机制。最近的工作将个体差异方法与经验的参数操作相结合，以揭示整体处理源自特定领域的经验。其他工作表明，对零件的学习注意力足以导致整体处理，这与植根于特定于类别的学习注意力的机制是一致的。