The current study replicated and extended the results from a study conducted by Narayan, Mak, and Bialystok (2017) that found effects of top‐down linguistic information on a speaker discrimination task by examining four conditions: rhymes (day‐bay), compounds (day‐dream), reverse compounds (dream‐day), and unrelated words (day‐bee). The original study found that participants were more likely to judge two words to be spoken by the same speaker if the words cohered lexically (created lexical compounds such as day‐dream) or were phonologically related (rhymes, such as day‐bay), but their study contained two limitations: (a) Same‐ and different‐speaker trials were analyzed separately, which obscures effects of response bias, and (b) cross‐gender pairs were used in the different‐speaker trials, potentially inflating performance. The current study addresses these limitations by including only within‐gender trials and by examining sensitivity and bias using signal detection theory. Our results not only provide support of the original study but also provide clear evidence that listeners are biased to judge two words as being produced by the same person when they share either phonological information (rhymes) or lexical‐semantic coherence (compounds). Thus, the current study provides an important modified replication of previous research.

中文翻译：

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重新审视自上而下的语言信息对说话人语音识别的影响

当前的研究复制并扩展了 Narayan、Mak 和 Bialystok (2017) 进行的一项研究的结果，该研究通过检查四个条件来发现自上而下的语言信息对说话人辨别任务的影响：押韵 (day-bay)、复合词 ( day-dream)、反向复合词 (dream-day) 和不相关的词 (day-bee)。最初的研究发现，如果两个词在词汇上有连贯性（创建复合词，如白日梦）或在语音上相关（押韵，如 day-bay），则参与者更有可能判断这两个词是由同一说话者说的，但是他们的研究有两个局限性：(a) 分别分析了相同和不同说话者的试验，这掩盖了反应偏倚的影响，以及 (b) 在不同说话者的试验中使用了跨性别对，可能会夸大表现。当前的研究通过仅包括性别内试验以及使用信号检测理论检查敏感性和偏差来解决这些局限性。我们的结果不仅为原始研究提供了支持，而且还提供了明确的证据，表明当两个词共享语音信息（韵律）或词汇语义连贯性（复合词）时，他们会倾向于判断两个词是由同一个人产生的。因此，当前的研究提供了对先前研究的重要修改复制。我们的结果不仅为原始研究提供了支持，而且还提供了明确的证据，表明当两个词共享语音信息（韵律）或词汇语义连贯性（复合词）时，他们会倾向于判断两个词是由同一个人产生的。因此，当前的研究提供了对先前研究的重要修改复制。我们的结果不仅为原始研究提供了支持，而且还提供了明确的证据，表明当两个词共享语音信息（韵律）或词汇语义连贯性（复合词）时，他们会倾向于判断两个词是由同一个人产生的。因此，当前的研究提供了对先前研究的重要修改复制。