Significance: A scene-based adaptive-optics (AO) system is developed and a method for investigating its imaging performance is proposed. The system enables derivation of Strehl ratios from observed images via collaboration with computer simulations. The resultant Strehl ratios are comparable with those of other current AO systems. Aim: For versatile and noninvasive AO microscopy, a scene-based wavefront-sensing technique working on a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor is developed in a modal control system. The purpose of the research is to clarify the imaging performance of the AO system via the derivation of Strehl ratios from observed images toward applications in microscopy of living cells and tissues. Approach: Two imaging metrics that can be directly measured from observed images (i.e., an energy concentration ratio and unbiased maximum ratio) are defined and related to the Strehl ratio via computer simulations. Experiments are conducted using artificial targets to measure the imaging metrics, which are then converted to Strehl ratios. Results: The resultant Strehl ratios are >0.7 and 0.5 in the cases of defocus and higher aberrations, respectively. The half-widths at half-maximum of the AO-corrected bead images are favorably comparable to those of on-focus images under simple defocus aberration, and the AO system works both under bright-field illumination and on fluorescent bead images. Conclusions: The proposed scene-based AO system is expected to work with a Strehl ratio of more than 0.5 when applied to high-resolution live imaging of cells and tissues under bright-field and fluorescence microscopies.

中文翻译：

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基于场景波前传感的显微镜自适应光学系统成像性能

意义：开发了一种基于场景的自适应光学（AO）系统，并提出了一种研究其成像性能的方法。该系统可以通过与计算机模拟的协作，从观察到的图像中推导出 Strehl 比率。由此产生的 Strehl 比率与其他当前的 AO 系统相当。目标：对于多功能和无创 AO 显微镜，在模态控制系统中开发了一种基于场景的波前传感技术，用于 Shack-Hartmann 波前传感器。该研究的目的是通过从观察到的图像中推导出 Strehl 比率来阐明 AO 系统的成像性能，以应用于活细胞和组织的显微镜检查。方法：可以直接从观察到的图像中测量的两个成像指标（即，能量集中比和无偏最大比）被定义并通过计算机模拟与 Strehl 比相关。使用人工目标进行实验来测量成像指标，然后将其转换为 Strehl 比率。结果：在散焦和更高像差的情况下，所得的斯特列尔比分别 > 0.7 和 0.5。AO 校正的珠子图像的半峰半宽与简单散焦像差下的聚焦图像的半峰宽相当，并且 AO 系统在明场照明和荧光珠子图像下均可工作。结论：当应用于明场和荧光显微镜下的细胞和组织的高分辨率实时成像时，所提出的基于场景的 AO 系统有望以超过 0.5 的 Strehl 比率工作。