The quality of early caregiving experiences is a known contributor to the quality of the language experiences young children receive. What is unknown is whether, and if so, how psychosocial deprivation early in life is associated with long-lasting receptive language outcomes. Two prospective longitudinal studies examining early psychosocial deprivation/neglect in different contexts (i.e., deprivation due to institutional care or deprivation experienced by children residing within US families) and receptive language as assessed via the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) were used to assess the magnitude of these associations. First, 129 participants from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, a randomized controlled trial of foster care as an alternative to institutional care in Romania, completed a receptive language assessment at age 18 years. Second, from the USA, 3342 participants from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study were assessed from infancy until middle childhood. Children exposed to early institutional care, on average, had lower receptive language scores than their never institutionalized counterparts in late adolescence. While randomization to an early foster care intervention had no long-lasting association with PPVT scores, the duration of childhood exposure to institutional care was negatively associated with receptive language. Psychosocial deprivation in US families was also negatively associated with receptive language longitudinally, and this association remained statistically significant even after accounting for measures of socioeconomic status. Experiences of psychosocial deprivation may have long-lasting consequences for receptive language ability, extending to age 18 years. Psychosocial deprivation is an important prospective predictor of poorer receptive language. Bucharest Early Intervention Project ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00747396

中文翻译：

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社会心理剥夺和接受性语言能力：一项两样本研究

早期看护体验的质量是影响幼儿接受语言体验质量的一个众所周知的因素。尚不清楚的是，如果是这样，生命早期的社会心理剥夺是否与长期的接受性语言结果相关联。两项前瞻性纵向研究检查了不同背景下的早期社会心理剥夺/忽视（即，由于机构照料或居住在美国家庭中的儿童所经历的剥夺）和通过皮博迪图片词汇测试（PPVT）评估的接受性语言，用于评估这些关联的大小。首先，来自布加勒斯特早期干预项目的 129 名参与者，这是一项在罗马尼亚进行寄养替代机构照料的随机对照试验，在 18 岁时完成了接受性语言评估。其次，来自美国的脆弱家庭和儿童福利研究的 3342 名参与者从婴儿期到儿童中期进行了评估。平均而言，接受早期机构照料的儿童的接受性语言分数低于青春期后期从未接受过机构照料的同龄人。虽然随机分配到早期寄养干预与 PPVT 评分没有长期关联，但儿童接受机构照料的持续时间与接受性语言呈负相关。美国家庭的心理社会剥夺也与接受性语言呈纵向负相关，即使在考虑社会经济地位的措施后，这种关联仍然具有统计学意义。社会心理剥夺的经历可能会对接受性语言能力产生长期影响，持续到 18 岁。社会心理剥夺是接受性语言较差的重要前瞻性预测因素。布加勒斯特早期干预项目 ClinicalTrials.gov 标识符：NCT00747396