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Electro-chemo-mechanics of lithium in solid state lithium metal batteries
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ee02525a
Yongfu Tang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Liqiang Zhang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Jingzhao Chen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Haiming Sun 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Tingting Yang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Qiunan Liu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Qiao Huang 5, 6, 7, 8 , Ting Zhu 9, 10, 11, 12 , Jianyu Huang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Affiliation  

Using lithium as the anode material to achieve high energy density lithium-ion/metal batteries is the ultimate goal of energy storage technology. A recent development of solid state electrolytes (SSEs) with high ionic conductivity holds great promise for enabling the practical applications of solid state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs), as the high mechanical strength of SSEs can be harnessed to suppress dendrite growth. However, the application of SSLMBs is hampered by the new multifold problems from the solid–solid contact to dendrites to deleterious interfacial reactions between lithium and the SSEs. In this burgeoning field of SSLMBs, it is imperative to understand the fundamental science of these emerging problems at a very basic level before the application of SSLMBs can be realized. These problems are inter-related and they arise from the intrinsic physical, chemical, and electro-chemo-mechanical properties of lithium. We start this review by providing a brief account of the history of lithium, and how it has evolved from the anode of primary lithium metal batteries to that of liquid electrolyte based rechargeable batteries and to that of SSE based SSLMBs. We then summarize the literature about the mechanical properties of bulk lithium, lithium pillars and lithium whiskers. We analyze from an electro-chemo-mechanical perspective how lithium dendrites penetrate through SSEs and cause short circuits in SSLMBs. We identify possible strategies to mitigate lithium dendrite propagation through SSEs, and summarize our understanding of the lithium reaction with various interfaces, such as Li/Li7La3Zr2O12, Li/polyethylene oxide, Li/Na-superionic conductor, and Li/sulfide, with the ultimate goal of developing strategies to mitigate detrimental interfacial reactions and maintain sustainable stable interfaces. We review briefly characterization tools to address the challenging issues in SSLMBs. We conclude by pointing out the outstanding issues in SSLMBs.

中文翻译:

固态锂金属电池中锂的电化学机制

以锂为负极材料以实现高能量密度的锂离子/金属电池是储能技术的最终目标。具有高离子电导率的固态电解质(SSE)的最新发展为固态锂金属电池(SSLMBs)的实际应用提供了广阔的前景,因为可以利用SSE的高机械强度来抑制树枝状晶体的生长。但是,SSLMBs的应用受到新的多重问题的困扰,这些问题从固-固接触到枝晶再到锂与SSE之间的有害界面反应。在SSLMB的这个新兴领域,必须在非常基本的层次上理解这些新兴问题的基础科学,然后才能实现SSLMB的应用。这些问题是相互关联的,它们是由锂的固有物理,化学和电化学机械性质引起的。我们通过简要介绍锂的历史以及锂如何从一次锂金属电池的阳极演变成液体电解质基可充电电池的阳极以及SSE基SSLMBs的阳极来开始进行本次回顾。然后,我们总结了有关块状锂,锂柱和锂晶须的机械性能的文献。我们从电化学机制的角度分析锂树枝状晶体如何穿透SSE并引起SSLMB中的短路。我们确定了减轻锂枝晶通过SSE传播的可能策略,并总结了我们对各种界面(例如Li / Li)的锂反应的理解 和锂的电化学机械性能。我们通过简要介绍锂的历史以及锂如何从一次锂金属电池的阳极演变成液体电解质基可充电电池的阳极以及SSE基SSLMBs的阳极来开始进行本次回顾。然后,我们总结了有关块状锂,锂柱和锂晶须的机械性能的文献。我们从电化学机制的角度分析锂枝晶如何穿透SSE并导致SSLMB中的短路。我们确定了减轻锂枝晶通过SSE传播的可能策略,并总结了我们对锂与各种界面(例如Li / Li)的理解 和锂的电化学机械性能。我们通过简要介绍锂的历史以及锂如何从一次锂金属电池的阳极演变成液体电解质基可充电电池的阳极以及SSE基SSLMBs的阳极来开始进行本次回顾。然后,我们总结了有关块状锂,锂柱和锂晶须的机械性能的文献。我们从电化学机制的角度分析锂枝晶如何穿透SSE并导致SSLMB中的短路。我们确定了减轻锂枝晶通过SSE传播的可能策略,并总结了我们对锂与各种界面(例如Li / Li)的理解 以及它是如何从一次锂金属电池的阳极发展到以液态电解质为基础的可再充电电池以及以SSE为基础的SSLMBs的阳极。然后,我们总结了有关块状锂,锂柱和锂晶须的机械性能的文献。我们从电化学机制的角度分析锂树枝状晶体如何穿透SSE并引起SSLMB中的短路。我们确定了减轻锂枝晶通过SSE传播的可能策略,并总结了我们对各种界面(例如Li / Li)的锂反应的理解 以及它是如何从一次锂金属电池的阳极发展到以液态电解质为基础的可再充电电池以及以SSE为基础的SSLMBs的阳极。然后,我们总结了有关块状锂,锂柱和锂晶须的机械性能的文献。我们从电化学机制的角度分析锂枝晶如何穿透SSE并导致SSLMB中的短路。我们确定了减轻锂枝晶通过SSE传播的可能策略,并总结了我们对锂与各种界面(例如Li / Li)的理解 锂柱和锂晶须。我们从电化学机制的角度分析锂枝晶如何穿透SSE并导致SSLMB中的短路。我们确定了减轻锂枝晶通过SSE传播的可能策略,并总结了我们对锂与各种界面(例如Li / Li)的理解 锂柱和锂晶须。我们从电化学机制的角度分析锂枝晶如何穿透SSE并导致SSLMB中的短路。我们确定了减轻锂枝晶通过SSE传播的可能策略,并总结了我们对锂与各种界面(例如Li / Li)的理解7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12,Li /聚环氧乙烷,Li / Na超离子导体和Li /硫化物,其最终目的是开发减轻有害界面反应并维持可持续稳定界面的策略。我们简要回顾了表征工具,以解决SSLMB中的挑战性问题。最后,我们指出SSLMB中的未解决问题。
更新日期:2020-12-17
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