Heart transplantation continues to be the gold standard clinical intervention to treat patients with end-stage heart failure. However, there are major complications associated with this surgical procedure that reduce the survival prognosis of heart transplant patients, including allograft rejection, malignancies, infections, and other complications that arise from the use of broad-spectrum immunosuppression drugs. Recent studies have demonstrated the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against allotransplantation rejection in both in vitro and in vivo settings due to their immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, utilization of MSCs provides new and exciting strategies to improve heart transplantation and potentially reduce the use of broad-spectrum immunosuppression drugs while alleviating allograft rejection. In this review, we will discuss the current research on the mechanisms of cardiac allograft rejection, the physiological and immunological characteristics of MSCs, the effects of MSCs on the immune system, and immunomodulation of heart transplantation by MSCs.

心脏移植仍然是治疗终末期心力衰竭患者的金标准临床干预措施。然而，与这种手术相关的主要并发症会降低心脏移植患者的生存预后，包括同种异体移植排斥、恶性肿瘤、感染以及使用广谱免疫抑制药物引起的其他并发症。最近的研究表明，由于间充质干细胞（MSC）的免疫调节特性，可以在体外和体内环境中使用间充质干细胞（MSC）来对抗同种异体移植排斥反应。因此，间充质干细胞的利用提供了新的、令人兴奋的策略来改善心脏移植，并有可能减少广谱免疫抑制药物的使用，同时减轻同种异体移植排斥。本文将就同种异体心脏移植排斥的机制、MSCs的生理和免疫学特性、MSCs对免疫系统的影响以及MSCs对心脏移植的免疫调节等方面的研究现状进行综述。