This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of streamflow and water quality simulated by a hydrological model using three different Satellite Precipitation Products (SPPs) with respect to observations from a dense rain gauge network over the Occoquan Watershed, located in Northern Virginia, suburbs to Washington, D.C., U.S. Eight extreme hydrometeorological events within a 5-year period between 2008 and 2012 are evaluated using SPPs, TMPA 3B42-V7, CMORPH V1. 0, and PERSIANN-CCS, which are based on different retrieval algorithms with varying native spatial and temporal resolutions. A Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN (HSPF) hydrology and water quality model was forced with the three SPPs to simulate output of streamflow (Q), stream temperature (TW), and concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), orthophosphate phosphorus (OP), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium-nitrate (NH4-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), dissolved oxygen (DO), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at six evaluation points within the watershed. Results indicate fairly good agreement between gauge- and SPP-simulated Q for TMPA and CMORPH, however, PERSIANN-simulated Q is lowest among SPPs, due to its inability to accurately measure stratiform precipitation between intense periods of precipitation during an extreme event. Correlations of water quality indicators vary considerably, however, TW has the strongest positive linear relationship compared to other indicators evaluated in this study. SPP-simulated TSS, a flow-dependent variable, has the weakest relationship to gauge-simulated TSS among all water quality indicators, with CMORPH performing slightly better than TMPA and PERSIANN. This study demonstrated that the spatiotemporal variability of SPPs, along with their algorithms to estimate precipitation, have an influence on water quality simulations during extreme hydrometeorological events.

中文翻译：

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卫星降水产品在模拟极端水文气象条件下的水流和水质中的性能

本研究使用三种不同的卫星降水产品 (SPP) 对水文模型模拟的水流和水质进行了综合评估，这些数据来自位于弗吉尼亚州北部、华盛顿特区郊区的 Occoquan 流域上的密集雨量计网络的观测, 美国 使用 SPP、TMPA 3B42-V7、CMORPH V1 评估了 2008 年至 2012 年 5 年内的八次极端水文气象事件。0 和 PERSIANN-CCS，它们基于具有不同原生空间和时间分辨率的不同检索算法。水文模拟程序 FORTRAN (HSPF) 水文和水质模型被强制与三个 SPP 一起模拟流量 (Q)、河流温度 (TW) 和总悬浮固体浓度 (TSS)、正磷酸盐 (OP)、流域内六个评估点的总磷 (TP)、硝酸铵 (NH4-N)、硝酸盐氮 (NO3-N)、溶解氧 (DO) 和生化需氧量 (BOD)。结果表明 TMPA 和 CMORPH 的规范模拟 Q 和 SPP 模拟 Q 之间具有相当好的一致性，但是，PERSIANN 模拟 Q 在 SPP 中最低，因为它无法准确测量极端事件期间强降水期间的层状降水。水质指标的相关性差异很大，但是，与本研究中评估的其他指标相比，TW 具有最强的正线性关系。SPP 模拟 TSS 是一个流量相关变量，在所有水质指标中与仪表模拟 TSS 的关系最弱，CMORPH 的表现略好于 TMPA 和 PERSIANN。