BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurological disorders, of insidious onset, with major motor symptomatology including bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity, and postural disturbances. Virtual reality (VR) and motor imagery (MI) are among the more innovative techniques for the rehabilitation of patients with PD which promote motor learning both through explicit and implicit processes. This study is unique in that it will examine the combined effects of VR and MI on motor function, balance and activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with PD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of VR with MI techniques in addition to routine physical therapy on motor function, balance, and ADLs in patients with PD. METHODS This is a two-armed parallel design, single-blinded (assessor blinded), single-centered, randomized controlled trial, and the study protocol is based on SPIRIT guidelines. Thirty-four patients with PD (Modified Hoehn and Yahr stages I-III) will be randomly allocated with a 1:1 ratio into Group A (control group) and Group B (treatment group). Group A will be given routine physical therapy in 40-min sessions and 20 min of walking and cycling with a short period of rest, every alternate day (3 days per week) for 12 weeks, while for Group B routine physical therapy protocols along with VR and MI will be used in 60-min sessions, every alternate day (3 days per week) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measures are as follows: (i) the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS; part III), (ii) the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC). The secondary outcome measure is the UPDRS (part II). Assessments will be recorded at baseline, the sixth and twelfth weeks of therapy, and 1 month after the discontinuation of therapy. Clinical Study Registration: This randomized controlled prospective study was registered with the Iranian Registry of clinical trials (IRCT20200221046567N1) on April 1, 2020 (https://www.irct.ir/trial/46073).

中文翻译：

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虚拟现实与运动想象技术对帕金森病患者的影响：随机对照试验的研究方案


背景帕金森病(PD)是最常见的神经系统疾病之一，起病隐匿，主要运动症状包括运动迟缓、静止性震颤、强直和姿势障碍。虚拟现实 (VR) 和运动想象 (MI) 是用于 PD 患者康复的更具创新性的技术，它们通过显性和隐性过程促进运动学习。这项研究的独特之处在于，它将研究 VR 和 MI 对 PD 患者运动功能、平衡和日常生活活动 (ADL) 的综合影响。目的 这项工作的目的是研究除了常规物理治疗之外，VR 结合 MI 技术对 PD 患者运动功能、平衡和 ADL 的影响。方法 这是一项双臂平行设计、单盲（评估者盲法）、单中心、随机对照试验，研究方案基于 SPIRIT 指南。 34 例 PD（改良 Hoehn 和 Yahr 分期 I-III）患者将按 1:1 的比例随机分为 A 组（对照组）和 B 组（治疗组）。 A 组将接受 40 分钟的常规物理治疗，以及 20 分钟的步行和骑自行车，并短暂休息，每隔一天（每周 3 天）进行 12 周，而 B 组将接受常规物理治疗方案以及VR 和 MI 将在 60 分钟的课程中使用，每隔一天（每周 3 天）一次，持续 12 周。主要结果衡量标准如下：(i) 统一 PD 评级量表 (UPDRS；第三部分)，(ii) Berg 平衡量表 (BBS) 和特定活动平衡置信量表 (ABC)。次要结果指标是 UPDRS（第二部分）。 将在基线、治疗第六周和第十二周以及停止治疗后 1 个月记录评估。临床研究注册：这项随机对照前瞻性研究于 2020 年 4 月 1 日在伊朗临床试验登记处 (IRCT20200221046567N1) 注册 (https://www.irct.ir/Trial/46073)。