In Hungary, which is famous for its thermal baths, according to the regulations, waters are investigated in hygienic aspects with standard cultivation methods. In the present study, two thermal baths were investigated (the well and three different pool waters in both) using cultivation methods, taxon-specific polymerase chain reactions (PCRs), multiplex PCRs and next-generation amplicon sequencing. Mainly members of the natural microbial community of the well waters and bacteria originating from the environment were detected but several opportunistic pathogenic taxa, e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, Acinetobacter johnsoni, Acinetobacter baumanni, Moraxella osloensis, Microbacterium paraoxydans, Legionella spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Staphylococcus aureus were revealed by the applied methods. Pools with charging-unloading operation had higher microscopic cell counts, colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, number of cocci, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus compared to the recirculation systems. Bacteria originating from human sources (e.g., skin) were identified in the pool waters with less than 1% relative abundance, and their presence was sporadic in the pools. Comparing the microbiological quality of the pools based on the first sampling time and the following four months' period it was revealed that recirculation operation type has better water quality than the charging-unloading pool operation from a hygienic point of view.

在以温泉浴而闻名的匈牙利，根据规定，采用标准栽培方法对水进行了卫生方面的调查。在本研究中，使用培养方法，分类群特异性聚合酶链反应（PCR），多重PCR和下一代扩增子测序研究了两个热水浴（分别位于井中和三个不同的水池水）。主要检测到井水的天然微生物群落成员和源自环境的细菌，但发现了一些机会性致病分类群，例如铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa，P .）。施氏假单胞菌，鲍曼不动johnsoni，鲍曼不动动杆菌，通过应用的方法揭示了莫拉氏菌，对氧微细菌，军团菌属，嗜麦芽单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。与充电-卸载操作池具有较高的微观细胞计数，集落形成单位（CFU）计数，球菌的数目，P。铜绿假单胞菌和小号。金黄色与再循环系统相比。在池水中鉴定出源自人源（例如皮肤）的细菌，其相对丰度小于1％，并且在池中零星存在。根据第一次采样时间和随后四个月的时间对水池的微生物质量进行比较，从卫生的角度来看，再循环操作类型的水质要优于装卸池操作。