Lymphedema is a chronic inflammatory condition that results from damage to the lymphatic system. Lymphedema is classified as either primary or secondary, the former being caused by a malformation of lymph vessels or nodes, and the latter resulting from trauma, chronic lymphatic system overload, or the sequelae of cancer treatments. In the present article, we focus on secondary cancer-related lymphedema (crl), a potential survivorship treatment-related effect. Treatments for breast, gynecologic, prostate, and head-and-neck cancers, and melanoma and other skin cancers are most frequently associated with crl. The incidence of crl varies widely based on cancer location and treatment modalities, with estimates ranging from 5% to 83% in various cancers. Given the lack of a universal definition and diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of crl is difficult to ascertain; current estimates suggest that more than 300,000 Canadians are affected by crl. Here, we present an overview of crl, divided into 5 subtopics: lymphedema risk factors; early identification and intervention; diagnosis and staging; management, with emphasis on the volume reduction and maintenance phases, plus patient support and education; and clinical pearls to help providers integrate knowledge about crl into their practice.

中文翻译：

---

癌症相关淋巴水肿：医疗服务提供者的临床珍珠

淋巴水肿是一种慢性炎症，由淋巴系统受损引起。淋巴水肿分为原发性和继发性，前者是由淋巴管或淋巴结畸形引起的，后者是由外伤、慢性淋巴系统超负荷或癌症治疗后遗症引起的。在本文中，我们重点关注继发性癌症相关淋巴水肿 (crl)，这是一种潜在的生存治疗相关效应。乳腺癌、妇科癌、前列腺癌、头颈癌、黑色素瘤和其他皮肤癌的治疗最常与 crl 相关。根据癌症部位和治疗方式的不同，crl 的发病率差异很大，各种癌症的发病率估计从 5% 到 83% 不等。由于缺乏通用的定义和诊断标准，crl 的患病率很难确定；目前估计超过 30 万加拿大人受到 CRL 的影响。在此，我们对 CRL 进行概述，分为 5 个子主题：淋巴水肿危险因素；早期识别和干预；诊断和分期；管理，重点是减少容量和维护阶段，以及患者支持和教育；和临床珍珠，帮助提供者将 CRL 知识融入到他们的实践中。