ABSTRACT

Extreme abiotic conditions, geographic isolation, and low levels of disturbance have historically provided alpine, Arctic, and Antarctic regions with low input of and relative resistance to the introduction of new species. However, the climate is warming rapidly, concomitant with intense and diversified types of human influence in these cold environments. Consequently, many plant species, both native and nonnative, are now moving or expanding their ranges to higher elevations and latitudes, creating new species interactions and assemblages that challenge biodiversity conservation. Based on our synthesis, many of the same nonnative species invade multiple cold environments, and many more could move up or over from adjoining warmer areas. Transportation networks and the disturbances associated with burgeoning development are responsible for many movements. Prevention and monitoring for nonnative plant species is of paramount importance, and management should be directed toward species that negatively impact ecosystem function or human well-being. Management of native range shifters is more complicated; most movements will be desirable, but some may be locally undesirable. Overall, plant movements into alpine, arctic, and Antarctic areas are going to increase, and management will need to be adaptive because species movements and assemblages of the past will not reflect those of the future.

摘要

极端的非生物条件，地理隔离和低干扰水平历来使高寒，北极和南极地区对引入新物种的投入少，相对阻力小。但是，在这些寒冷的环境中，气候正在迅速变暖，伴随着人类活动的剧烈而多样。因此，许多植物物种，无论是本地的还是非本地的，现在都在将其范围移动或扩大到更高的海拔和纬度，从而产生了新的物种相互作用和组合，从而挑战了生物多样性的保护。根据我们的综合，许多相同的外来物种会入侵多个寒冷的环境，还有更多的物种可能会从邻近的温暖地区上移或上移。运输网络和与迅速发展相关的干扰是许多运动的原因。预防和监测非本地植物物种至关重要，管理应针对对生态系统功能或人类福祉产生负面影响的物种。本机范围转换器的管理更加复杂；大多数移动是理想的，但有些可能是局部不良的。总体而言，植物向高山，北极和南极地区的迁移将增加，并且管理必须适应，因为过去的物种迁移和组合无法反映未来的物种。和管理应针对对生态系统功能或人类福祉产生负面影响的物种。本机范围转换器的管理更加复杂；大多数移动是理想的，但有些可能是局部不良的。总体而言，植物向高山，北极和南极地区的迁移将增加，并且管理必须适应，因为过去的物种迁移和组合无法反映未来的物种。和管理应针对对生态系统功能或人类福祉产生负面影响的物种。本机范围转换器的管理更加复杂；大多数移动是理想的，但有些可能是局部不良的。总体而言，植物向高山，北极和南极地区的迁移将增加，并且管理必须适应，因为过去的物种迁移和组合无法反映未来的物种。