Abstract

Introduction: Behavioral engagement in schools is an important contributor to academic outcomes for adolescents, but may also protect them from substance abuse. Positive and negative attitudes to the past, present, and future have been linked to adaptive and maladaptive behaviors in adolescence, respectively, but there is a need for research that examines whether time attitudes promote behavioral engagement and lower risk for substance use.

Methods: Structural equation models involving 1961 diverse high school students were utilized, which controlled for sex, GPA, and alcohol use.

Results: Positive time attitudes were positively associated with behavioral engagement and students’ GPA. Girls had stronger levels of behavioral engagement. Positive time attitudes were indirectly associated with less marijuana use via intrinsic motivation, engagement, and less alcohol use. The indirect effect of positive time attitudes on engagement via intrinsic motivation was significant and substantial. In a second structural model, we examined the effects of negative time attitudes, intrinsic motivation, and behavioral engagement on marijuana use. Negative time attitudes and intrinsic motivation were indirectly associated with less marijuana use via behavioral engagement. Both models explained 41% of the variance in engagement and 36% of the variance in marijuana use, suggesting that positive and negative time attitudes are equally valuable in understanding academic engagement and marijuana use among adolescents. A third model indicated that behavioral engagement was negatively related to a latent variable composed of binge drinking and alcohol use.

Conclusions: Implications for practice and future research are discussed, as the current findings suggest the importance of positive time attitudes as promotive of behavioral engagement and protective against substance use.

摘要

简介：学校的行为参与是青少年学习成绩的重要贡献者，但也可以保护他们免受药物滥用。对过去，现在和未来的积极态度和消极态度分别与青春期的适应性和适应不良行为有关，但是有必要进行研究，研究时间态度是否能够促进行为参与和降低吸毒风险。

方法：利用涉及1961名高中生的结构方程模型，控制性别，GPA和酒精使用。

结果：积极的时间态度与行为参与和学生的GPA呈正相关。女孩的行为参与水平更高。积极的时间态度通过内在动机，参与和减少饮酒间接减少了大麻的使用。积极的时间态度通过内在动机对交往的间接影响是显着且可观的。在第二种结构模型中，我们检查了负面时间态度，内在动机和行为参与对大麻使用的影响。消极的时间态度和内在动机与通过行为参与减少使用大麻间接相关。两种模式都解释了41％的参与度差异和36％的大麻使用度差异，这表明，积极和消极的时间态度在理解青少年的学术参与和大麻使用方面同样有价值。第三个模型表明，行为参与与由酗酒和酗酒构成的潜在变量负相关。

结论：讨论了对实践和未来研究的影响，因为目前的发现表明积极的时间态度对于促进行为参与和防止使用毒品具有重要意义。