Introduction Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections (XDRABIs) are significant causes of mortality and morbidity in neonatal patients due to the treatment difficulties and limitations. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics and risk factors for XDRABIs acquisition during hospitalization.

Methods We investigated the risk factors of health care-associated infections (HC-AIs) caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii in the four neonatal units between January 2008 and December 2018. The patients and the control group's data and culture results were recorded and analyzed on a daily basis.

Results A total of 70 patients infected with XDRABIs and 118 control patients were included in the study. Univariate analysis showed that prematurity, gestation age, birth weight, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition, transfusion, use of glycopeptides, and aminoglycosides were significantly associated with XDRABIs. In the univariate analysis, gestation age, mechanical ventilation, transfusion, parenteral nutrition, use of glycopeptides, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides were significantly associated with mortality. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, gestation age (p = 0.034), transfusion (p < 0.001), and use of glycopeptides (p = 0.019) were determined to be independent predictors of mortality in newborn infants with XDRABIs (R-square = 0.546).

Conclusion Determination of the risk factors, avoiding invasive procedures, rational use of antibiotics will lead to a decrease in the mortality and morbidity rates related to XDRABIs.

引言由于治疗的困难和局限性， 广泛耐药的鲍曼不动杆菌感染（XDRABI）是新生儿死亡和发病的重要原因。在本研究中，我们旨在评估住院期间获得XDRABI的特征和危险因素。

方法 我们调查了2008年1月至2018年12月在四个新生儿单位中由多重耐药性鲍曼不动杆菌引起的卫生保健相关感染（HC-AI）的危险因素。记录患者和对照组的资料以及培养结果，并每天进行分析。

结果 研究共纳入70例XDRABI感染患者和118例对照患者。单因素分析表明，早产，妊娠年龄，出生体重，机械通气，肠胃外营养，输血，糖肽的使用和氨基糖苷与XDRABI显着相关。在单变量分析中，胎龄，机械通气，输血，肠胃外营养，糖肽，碳青霉烯和氨基糖苷的使用与死亡率显着相关。在多元logistic回归分析中，确定妊娠年龄（p  = 0.034），输血（p  <0.001）和糖肽的使用（p  = 0.019）是XDRABI新生儿死亡率的独立预测因素（R-平方= 0.546）。

结论 确定危险因素，避免侵入性程序，合理使用抗生素将导致与XDRABI相关的死亡率和发病率降低。