Ear shape of maize (Zea mays L.) is related to ear perimeter, kernel row number, and then kernel yield. To study the inheritance of fasciated ear and the relationship between ear flatness and other ear traits is of great importance in improving ear shape and then increasing yield of maize. In this study, the fasciated ear inbred line Yi16 and normal ear inbred line B73 were used to construct F₂ and F_2:3 populations to study the correlations between ear flatness and other ear traits, and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) of fasciated ear‐related traits in two environments. The results showed that ear flatness was positively correlated with cob flatness, ear perimeter, cob perimeter, and kernel row number and negatively correlated with ear length. The broad‐sense heritabilities of ear flatness and cob flatness were 59.01 and 67.38%, respectively. A total of 50 QTL were detected. Three QTL (qCF1, qCF4, and qKRN4a) were detected in all generations and environments, and five QTL (qEF4, qCF7, qCP2, qCP4, and qHKW7) were detected in two generations or two environments. The consistent QTL qEF4, qCF4, and qKRN4a were located in the common region of umc1940–umc1631 (bins 4.09) within a distance of 2.4 cM, explaining >10% of phenotypic variation except qKRN4a in F₂. The five pairs of QTL (qEF3‐HC × qEF4‐HC, qCF1‐BB × qCF4‐BB, qCF1‐BB × qCF7‐BB, qKRN1a‐BB × qKRN4a‐BB, and qHKW3‐HC × qHKW7‐HC) were detected to have epistatic effects, contributing 7.31–13.95% of phenotypic variance.

中文翻译：

---

玉米穗相关性状的QTL鉴定

玉米（Zea mays L.）的穗形与穗周长，籽粒行数以及籽粒产量有关。研究束缚穗的遗传以及穗平坦度与其他穗性状之间的关系对于改善穗形进而提高玉米产量具有重要意义。在这项研究中，使用了迷惑的耳朵自交系Yi16和正常的耳朵自交系B73来构建F ₂和F _2：3研究了耳扁平度与其他耳部性状之间的相关性，并确定了两种环境中与耳相关的性状的数量性状位点（QTL）。结果表明，耳朵平坦度与穗轴平坦度，穗周长，穗轴周长和籽粒行数呈正相关，与穗长呈负相关。耳朵扁平度和穗状扁平度的广义遗传力分别为59.01和67.38％。总共检测到50个QTL。在所有世代和环境中检测到三个QTL（qCF1，qCF4和qKRN4a），五个QTL（qEF4，qCF7，qCP2，qCP4和qHKW7））是在两个世代或两个环境中检测到的。一致的QTL qEF4，qCF4和qKRN4a位于umc1940–umc1631的公共区域（bins 4.09），距离为2.4 cM，解释了F _2中除qKRN4a以外> 10％的表型变异。检测到五对QTL（qEF3-HC × qEF4-HC，qCF1-BB × qCF4-BB，qCF1-BB × qCF7-BB，qKRN1a-BB ×q KRN4a-BB和qHKW3-HC × qHKW7-HC）具有上位性效应，占表型变异的7.31–13.95％。