Elysium Fossae is a NW‐SE, 350 km‐long linear graben system located in the eastern flank of Elysium Mons, Mars. Graben widths, lengths, and topographic data were used to model the thicknesses, depths, heights, and excess pressures of a possible dike system underneath these grabens. Area balance on topographic profiles across the structures reveals dikes at depths of 241–2,330 m below the surface, with average thicknesses <60 m, and heights of 15–20 km. These heights are approximately three times larger than terrestrial dikes intruded in the shallow crust. The subsurface properties suggest a teardrop‐shape geometry for the dikes, which has been observed in many theoretical and analog dike models. Additionally, the aspect ratios (thicknesses and lengths) of the inferred dikes are consistent with sublinear scaling, characteristic of fluid‐induced fractures. The obtained critical stress intensity factors (K_ic) are between 3.14 and 15.15 GPa·m^1/2 and are slightly higher than those of terrestrial dikes intruded in similar lithologies. The maximum excess pressures calculated from stress intensity factors are between 31 and 276 MPa. These are also consistent with pressures calculated for terrestrial dikes despite the greater aperture and height of the Elysium dikes. Theoretical calculations of excess pressures for variable dike heights support both the values calculated from empirical observations, and that Martian dike heights may consistently be three times the heights of terrestrial dikes. In summary, this work supports: (1) the existence of a dike system underneath Elysium and (2) that dike heights in rocky planets may scale inversely with gravitational acceleration.

中文翻译：

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火星极乐世界的巨型堤防系统的地下几何形状和进位条件

Elysium Fossae是一个NW-SE，长350公里的线性抓斗系统，位于火星Elysium Mons的东翼。Graben的宽度，长度和地形数据用于对这些grab子下方可能的堤防系统的厚度，深度，高度和过大压力进行建模。整个结构的地形剖面上的面积平衡显示出堤防在地表以下241–2,330 m的深度，平均厚度<60 m，高度为15–20 km。这些高度大约是侵入浅地壳中的陆地堤防的三倍。地下特性表明堤防具有水滴状的几何形状，这在许多理论和模拟堤防模型中都可以观察到。此外，推断出的堤坝的长宽比（厚度和长度）与亚线性比例一致，流体引起的裂缝的特征。获得的临界应力强度因子（K _ic）在3.14至15.15 GPa·m ^1/2之间，并且比以类似岩性侵入的地面堤防的强度略高。根据应力强度因子计算出的最大过压介于31到276 MPa之间。尽管Elysium堤防的孔径和高度更大，但这些也与地面堤防的压力一致。可变堤防高度的超压的理论计算既支持从经验观察得出的值，又可以支持火星堤防高度始终是地面堤防高度的三倍。总而言之，这项工作支持：（1）极乐世界下方存在一个堤防系统，以及（2）岩石行星中堤防的高度可能与重力加速度成反比。