Over recent decades, changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) behaviour have become popular quantitative indicators in biomedical studies. The circadian rhythms of behavioural processes in zebrafish are known to enable effective utilization of energy and resources, therefore attracting interest in zebrafish as a research model. This review covers a variety of circadian behaviours in this species, including diurnal rhythms of spawning, feeding, locomotor activity, shoaling, light/dark preference, and vertical position preference. Changes in circadian activity during zebrafish ontogeny are reviewed, including ageing-related alterations and chemically induced variations in rhythmicity patterns. Both exogenous and endogenous sources of inter-individual variability in zebrafish circadian behaviour are detailed. Additionally, we focus on different environmental factors with the potential to entrain circadian processes in zebrafish. This review describes two principal ways whereby diurnal behavioural rhythms can be entrained: (i) modulation of organismal physiological state, which can have masking or enhancing effects on behavioural endpoints related to endogenous circadian rhythms, and (ii) modulation of period and amplitude of the endogenous circadian rhythm due to competitive relationships between the primary and secondary zeitgebers. In addition, different peripheral oscillators in zebrafish can be entrained by diverse zeitgebers. This complicated orchestra of divergent influences may cause variability in zebrafish circadian behaviours, which should be given attention when planning behavioural studies.

中文翻译：

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斑马鱼（ Danio rerio ）行为的昼夜节律及其变异性来源

近几十年来，斑马鱼（Danio rerio）行为的变化已成为生物医学研究中流行的定量指标。众所周知，斑马鱼行为过程的昼夜节律可以有效利用能量和资源，因此引起了人们对斑马鱼作为研究模型的兴趣。这篇综述涵盖了该物种的各种昼夜节律行为，包括产卵、进食、运动活动、浅滩、光/暗偏好和垂直位置偏好的昼夜节律。回顾了斑马鱼个体发育过程中昼夜节律活动的变化，包括与衰老相关的改变和节律模式的化学诱导变化。详细介绍了斑马鱼昼夜节律行为的个体间变异性的外源性和内源性来源。此外，我们关注可能影响斑马鱼昼夜节律过程的不同环境因素。这篇综述描述了昼夜行为节律可以被夹带的两种主要方式：（i）调节机体生理状态，这可以对与内源性昼夜节律相关的行为终点产生掩蔽或增强作用，以及（ii）调节周期和幅度由于初级和次级时代之间的竞争关系导致的内源性昼夜节律。此外，斑马鱼中不同的外围振荡器可以被不同的时代所夹带。这种不同影响的复杂管弦乐队可能会导致斑马鱼昼夜节律行为的变化，在规划行为研究时应予以注意。