The simultaneous control of crystal phase stability and one-dimensional growth has always been the major challenge for the preparation of tetragonal zirconia whiskers. In this study, we report a facile molten salt processing that utilizes CaF₂ as a stabilizer and adsorbent to meet the phase and morphology requirements. The processes of stabilization, phase transition, ion adsorption and formation of special morphology involved in zirconia growth were investigated by XRD, IR, SEM, DTA-TG and TEM. By controlling the amount of CaF₂ (15 wt%) added in the reaction precursor, tetragonal zirconia whiskers with a desired aspect ratio (>16) can be synthesized, which show single crystalline nature and [001] preferred direction. Ca ions doped at low temperature inhibit the occurrence of phase transition, which allows the tetragonal structure to be retained to room temperature. The inducement and pattern of whisker growth are supposed to be F-adsorption and screw dislocation elongation, respectively. The specific selectivity of surface adsorbed ions to certain zirconia crystal planes reduces or even inhibits the epitaxial growth rate in this direction, offering a viable avenue for the morphology modulation of inorganic nanomaterials.

晶体相稳定性和一维生长的同时控制一直是制备四方氧化锆晶须的主要挑战。在这项研究中，我们报告了一种简便的熔融盐加工工艺，该工艺利用CaF ₂作为稳定剂和吸附剂来满足相和形貌要求。通过XRD，IR，SEM，DTA-TG和TEM研究了氧化锆生长的稳定，相变，离子吸附和形成特殊形态的过程。通过控制CaF ₂的量在反应前体中添加15重量％的四方晶系的氧化锆晶须可以具有期望的纵横比（＞ 16），其显示出单晶性质和[001]优选方向。低温掺杂的Ca离子可抑制相变的发生，从而使四方结构保持在室温下。晶须生长的诱导和模式被认为分别是F吸附和螺杆位错伸长。表面吸附离子对某些氧化锆晶面的比选择性降低或什至抑制了该方向上的外延生长速率，为无机纳米材料的形态调节提供了一条可行的途径。