This review provides an updated account on the current methods, principles and mechanism of action of therapies for the detection of molecular markers of therapeutic importance in the prognosis of breast cancer progression and recurrence, which includes estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2). Indeed, hormone-receptors namely, ER, PR, proto-oncogene HER2 are the basic molecular markers that are recognized and established prognostic factors and predictors of response, for therapeutic practice. These markers can be detected by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which are established, faster and cost effective detection methods. These molecular markers along with clinicopathological prognostic parameters give the best prediction of the prognosis of cancer recurrence and progress. Finally, hormone receptors and HER2 as molecular markers are of prime therapeutic importance and have the capability to take part in future drug development techniques.

本综述提供了有关当前方法、原理和治疗作用机制的最新说明，用于检测在乳腺癌进展和复发预后中具有治疗重要性的分子标志物，包括雌激素受体 (ER)、孕激素受体 (PR)和人表皮生长因子受体 2 (HER2)。事实上，激素受体，即 ER、PR、原癌基因HER2是治疗实践中识别和确定的预后因素和反应预测因子的基本分子标志物。这些标志物可以通过使用免疫组织化学 (IHC) 和荧光原位检测杂交（FISH），这是已建立的、更快且具有成本效益的检测方法。这些分子标志物连同临床病理学预后参数给出了对癌症复发和进展的预后的最佳预测。最后，激素受体和 HER2 作为分子标志物具有重要的治疗意义，并有能力参与未来的药物开发技术。