Human body dissection is fundamental in medical education, as it allows future physicians to learn about the body’s morphology in three dimensions, to recognize anatomical variations and to develop and increase the essential qualities of respect, compassion and empathy for patients. It is equally important in clinical training as it allows surgeons to improve their manual dexterity and practical skills and to test innovative surgical techniques and devices. In Italy prior to 2020, body acquisition and use for study and research purposes were regulated by a generic set of old directives and national decrees which dealt only marginally with these issues. However, in 2013, a whole body donation program was officially set up at the Institute of Human Anatomy of the University of Bologna. Completely free and voluntary informed consent has always been regarded as a core prerequisite and, since its inception, the program exclusively accepted bequeathed bodies. On February 10, 2020, a specific law governing the disposition of post mortem human body and tissues for study, training and scientific research purposes was definitively enacted. The present work traces the University of Bologna’s experience leading to the whole body donation program and the brand new dissecting room. It describes the program of Bologna as an example of “good practice” in body donation, aimed at ensuring education and clinical training by means of both traditional gross anatomy and innovative technology. Moreover, it analyzes the results achieved in terms of increased donor enrollment and improved teaching/training quality and the strengths of this program in light of the provisions enshrined in the new law.

人体解剖是医学教育的基础，因为它使未来的医生能够从三个维度了解身体的形态，识别解剖结构的变化，并培养和提高对患者的尊重、同情和同情等基本素质。它在临床培训中同样重要，因为它允许外科医生提高他们的手巧和实践技能，并测试创新的手术技术和设备。在 2020 年之前的意大利，用于学习和研究目的的身体获取和使用受到一套通用的旧指令和国家法令的监管，这些指令和国家法令仅对这些问题进行了轻微的处理。然而，2013年，博洛尼亚大学人体解剖研究所正式设立了全身捐献计划。完全自由和自愿的知情同意一直被视为核心先决条件，自该计划成立以来，该计划只接受遗赠机构。2020 年 2 月 10 日，一项关于处置的具体法律最终颁布了用于研究、培训和科学研究目的的验尸人体和组织。目前的工作追溯了博洛尼亚大学导致全身捐赠计划和全新解剖室的经验。它将博洛尼亚计划描述为尸体捐赠“良好实践”的一个例子，旨在通过传统的大体解剖和创新技术确保教育和临床培训。此外，它还根据新法律的规定分析了在增加捐助者入学率和提高教学/培训质量方面取得的成果以及该计划的优势。