Panthera spelaea was recorded in Poland from 18 open-air and 42 cave sites dated in the range 750–28 ka. Most of these records are located in southern Poland (Silesia) and neighbouring areas. Among them, the find of Panthera spelaea in Kozi Grzbiet mentioned here for the first time is one of the oldest European records of the species. Most of the obtained AMS dates are concentrated on the second half of MIS 3 and showed that the Pleistocene lion disappeared more or less synchronously across Poland. The findings of its remains from open-air sites are mostly accidental discoveries during field works, while those in caves are mostly connected with archaeological research and the exploitation of cave sediments for producing fertilizers.

Aside of a few juvenile bones and milk teeth, the remains of adult individuals, mostly males, predominate in the studied sample. Their behavior to hunting cave bear during the times, when the other, more typical food sources were scarce, tendention to hunt very big preys and went into the conflicts with other carnivores than females do, resulted in higher injuries and mortalities. Within the species, three chronosubspecies were recognized, with P. s. fossilis recorded from 7 sites, dated between 750 and 240 ka and P. s. intermedia only partially recognized in Wierzchowska Górna Cave. The most numerous are the remains of P. s. spelaea which were found in 48 localities dated between 150 and 28 ka. With the exception of four caves, the Polish finds of P. spelaea are generally less abundant at sites where they occur. Older P. s. fossilis, dated on MIS 19–12, was a large form with robust stature and broad cheek teeth. Younger P. s. fossilis dated on MIS 11–9 was represented by a large and massive specimens, but with more advanced morphological dental features. Polish individuals of P. s. spelaea were slightly smaller and less massive than P. s. fossilis, with narrower cheek teeth. Since MIS 3, a dwarf and gracile specimens appeared, which is correlated with the genetic turnover ca. 48–45 ka.

The Pleistocene lion was one of the earliest disappeared large carnivores predated only by a cave hyena. There are no direct evidences of P. spelaea encounters with humans. The extinction of P. spelaea is broadly correlated with the general collapse of the “mammoth steppe” ecosystem and was resulted of multiple reasons like climatic changes, re-building of herbivore guilds, competition and human pressure. Wolf and, to a lesser extent, bears were the main competitors for the Pleistocene lion in Poland.

Panthera spelaea在波兰的 18 个露天和 42 个洞穴遗址中被记录到，其日期范围为 750-28 ka。这些记录大部分位于波兰南部（西里西亚）和邻近地区。其中，首次在 Kozi Grzbiet发现的Panthera spelaea是该物种最古老的欧洲记录之一。大多数获得的 AMS 日期都集中在 MIS 3 的后半部分，表明更新世狮子或多或少在波兰同步消失。露天遗址出土的遗骸多为野外工作中的偶然发现，而洞穴中的遗骸多与考古研究和利用洞穴沉积物生产肥料有关。

除了一些幼骨和乳牙外，成年个体的遗骸，主要是男性，在研究样本中占主导地位。在其他更典型的食物来源稀缺的时代，它们捕猎洞熊的行为，倾向于捕猎非常大的猎物，并且与其他食肉动物发生冲突，比雌性更高，导致更高的伤害和死亡率。在该物种内，识别出三个时间亚种，P . 小号。从 7 个地点记录的化石，年代在 750 至 240 ka 和P 之间。小号。中间媒体在 Wierzchowska Górna 洞穴中仅得到部分认可。数量最多的是P的遗骸。小号。在 150 至 28 ka 之间的 48 个地点发现了spelaea。除了四个洞穴外，波兰发现的P . spelaea在它们发生的地点通常较少。旧的P。小号。化石，年代为 MIS 19-12，体型巨大，身材健壮，颊齿宽阔。雅戈尔P。小号。年代在 MIS 11-9 上的化石由大量大型标本代表，但具有更先进的形态学牙齿特征。P 的波兰人。小号。spelaea比P略小，质量也更小。小号。化石，具有较窄的颊齿。自 MIS 3 以来，出现了矮小和纤细的标本，这与遗传周转率有关。48-45 ka。

更新世狮子是最早消失的大型食肉动物之一，仅早于洞穴鬣狗。没有P 的直接证据。斯佩莱亚与人类相遇。P的灭绝。spelaea与“猛犸草原”生态系统的全面崩溃广泛相关，是由气候变化、食草动物行会重建、竞争和人类压力等多种原因造成的。狼和在较小程度上的熊是波兰更新世狮子的主要竞争对手。