The application of fibrous materials can be traced back throughout human history. Widespread adoption of polymers in the 20th century has rapidly driven the development of processes for producing polymer fibers to satisfy the demands of industries and consumers. The rise of nanomaterials has opened new worlds of possibility in terms of material properties and functionality, and polymer nanofibers are no exception. Their unique combination of viscoelastic behavior and incredibly high specific surface area have created applications for polymer nanofibers in areas such as biomedical engineering, smart materials, and energy storage, all of which project to be crucial research sectors in the next few decades. Polymer nanofibers have an important role to play in the technology that will shape our future. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the conventional methods used for manufacturing polymer nanofibers, the properties and behavior of polymer nanofibers and nanofiber composites, and the diverse applications of polymer nanofiber systems.

纤维材料的应用可以追溯到整个人类历史。在20世纪，聚合物的广泛采用迅速推动了生产聚合物纤维以满足工业和消费者需求的工艺的发展。纳米材料的兴起为材料性能和功能性开辟了新的可能性，聚合物纳米纤维也不例外。它们的粘弹行为和超高的比表面积的独特组合为聚合物纳米纤维在生物医学工程，智能材料和能量存储等领域创造了应用，所有这些在未来几十年中都是至关重要的研究领域。聚合物纳米纤维在决定我们未来的技术中起着重要作用。