Human-elephant conflicts (HEC) are detrimental for both humans and elephants. A better understanding of HEC enhances effective mitigation strategies and promotes the well-being of humans and wild elephants. This study assesses the pattern and distribution of HEC in three different HEC hotspots in Myanmar and identifies local factors that contribute to HEC. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was performed in three HEC landscapes in 30 villages. Our study showed that larger croplands were more vulnerable to crop attacks. Crop damage was found more frequent and was more severe in the more deforested landscapes. The landscapes with higher human density and where local people frequently encountered elephants, were at higher risk to elephant attack. Our results indicate that distance to the forest reserves influenced the incidents of HEC most. We suggest the implementation of land-use plans in the potential elephant migration areas to mitigate HEC and improve the local resilience to economic vulnerability due to HEC.

人象冲突（HEC）对人类和大象都是有害的。对HEC的更好理解增强了有效的缓解策略，并促进了人类和野生象的福祉。这项研究评估了缅甸三个不同的HEC热点中HEC的模式和分布，并确定了造成HEC的本地因素。在30个村庄的三个HEC景观中进行了面对面的问卷调查。我们的研究表明，较大的农田更容易受到农作物的袭击。人们发现，在森林砍伐程度较高的地区，农作物遭受的破坏更为频繁且更为严重。人类密度较高的景观以及当地人经常遇到大象的地方，遭受大象袭击的风险较高。我们的结果表明，距森林保护区的距离对HEC事件的影响最大。