Observations from the 2014 Arctic Clouds in Summer Experiment indicate that, in summer, warm-air advection over melting sea-ice results in a strong surface melting feedback forced by a very strong surface-based temperature inversion and fog formation exerting additional heat flux on the surface. Here, we analyze this case further using a combination of reanalysis dataset and satellite products in a Lagrangian framework, thereby extending the view spatially from the local icebreaker observations into a Langrangian perspective. The results confirm that warm-air advection induces a positive net surface-energy-budget anomaly, exerting positive longwave radiation and turbulent heat flux on the surface. Additionally, as warm and moist air penetrates farther into the Arctic, cloud-top cooling and surface mixing eventually erode the surface inversion downstream. The initial surface inversion splits into two elevated inversions while the air columns below the elevated inversions transform into well-mixed layers.

中文翻译：

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融化的海冰上的暖空气平流：拉格朗日案例研究

2014 年夏季北极云实验的观测表明，在夏季，在融化的海冰上的暖空气平流导致强烈的地表融化反馈，这是由非常强烈的地表温度反转和雾的形成所迫使的，对地表施加额外的热通量。表面。在这里，我们在拉格朗日框架中使用再分析数据集和卫星产品的组合进一步分析了这种情况，从而在空间上将视图从当地破冰船观测扩展到朗格朗日视角。结果证实，暖空气平流引起正的净地表能预算异常，在地表上施加正的长波辐射和湍流热通量。此外，随着温暖潮湿的空气进一步深入北极，云顶冷却和地表混合最终会侵蚀下游的地表逆温。最初的地表逆温分裂为两个高架逆温层，而高架逆温层下方的气柱则转变为混合良好的层。