Sambucus nigra L. is a well-known species with a wide range of medicinal properties. In this work, supercritical fluid extracts were obtained from fresh and dried elderberries of S. nigra L.: A (dried berries, ethanol (C₂H₅OH) absolute), B (dried berries, ethanol 96%), C (dried berries, ethanol 70%) and D (fresh berries, ethanol 96%). Evaluation of the in vitro enzymatic activities and antioxidant activity (AA) of the extracts and a preliminary assessment of their safety were carried out. The most promising extracts were selected for encapsulation in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). All extracts demonstrated low to moderate AA, and they did not reveal any antimicrobial activity against the bacteria and yeasts tested. No toxic effect in the Artemia salina model was observed. Due to the moderate or good AA, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities, A and C extracts were selected and then successfully encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) NPs. According to morphological analysis, empty PLGA NPs had a rounded irregular shape and seemed somewhat collapsed, while PLGA NPs loaded with extract A or C exhibited a spherical shape with a smooth surface. The encapsulation process produced a slight increase in the NP size. Further studies will include the optimization of extract conditions in order to improve the yield of extraction, as well as the in vivo evaluation of these nanocarriers.

中文翻译：

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黑接骨木的绿色提取物在皮肤纳米载体中的潜在应用

黑接骨木（Sambucus nigra L.）是一种具有广泛药用特性的知名物种。在这项工作中，从新鲜获得并干燥的接骨木的超临界流体提取物S.黑L.：A（干浆果，乙醇（C ₂ H ^ ₅ OH）绝对），B（干浆果，乙醇96％），C（干燥浆果，乙醇含量为70％）和D（新鲜浆果，乙醇含量为96％）。对提取物的体外酶活性和抗氧化活性（AA）进行评估，并对其安全性进行初步评估。选择最有前途的提取物用于封装在聚合物纳米颗粒（NPs）中。所有提取物均显示出低至中等的AA，并且未显示出对所测试细菌和酵母菌的任何抗菌活性。在没有毒性作用观察到卤虫盐沼模型。由于中等或良好AA，抗胶原酶和抗弹性蛋白酶活性，A和C的萃取物被选择，然后成功地封装到聚（丙交酯-共-glycolide）（PLGA）的NP。根据形态分析，空的PLGA NPs具有圆形的不规则形状并且似乎有些塌陷，而负载有提取物A或C的PLGA NPs则显示具有光滑表面的球形。封装过程使NP尺寸略有增加。进一步的研究将包括优化提取条件以提高提取产率，以及对这些纳米载体的体内评估。