ABSTRACT

Fertilization with suitable amendment in acidic soil is crucial to achieve long-term high crop yield without deteriorating soil health in intensive cropping system. We studied the chemical and biological properties of soil, soybean, and wheat yield after 47 years of long-term fertilization in an acidic Alfisol. Treatments were: unfertilized (control); recommended N dose (N); recommended N and P (NP); recommended N, P and K (NPK); NPK + hand weeding (NPK + HW); NPK + 10 Mg ha⁻¹ farmyard manure (NPK + FYM) and NPK + 0.40 Mg ha⁻¹ lime (NPK + lime). Long-term application of NPK + FYM significantly enhanced the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon, available NPK and microbial functions compared to NPK. Application of NPK + lime increased soil pH, dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and bacterial population by 15.7%, 38.8% and 145% respectively, over NPK. Continuous inorganic-P fertilizer application leads to substantial build-up of available-P in soil. Fertilization of FYM/lime with NPK recorded higher crops yield compared to NPK. Soil DHA, bacterial population and CEC were most influencing factors governing grain yield. Overall, long-term application of NPK with FYM/lime improved soil health and crop yield, but rate of inorganic-P input should be curtailed in an Alfisol.

摘要

在酸性土壤中进行适当改良的施肥对于在集约化种植系统中实现长期高产而不损害土壤健康至关重要。我们研究了在酸性 Alfisol 中长期施肥 47 年后土壤、大豆和小麦产量的化学和生物特性。处理是：未受精（对照）；推荐的 N 剂量（N）；推荐的 N 和 P (NP)；推荐的 N、P 和 K (NPK)；NPK + 人工除草（NPK + HW）；NPK + 10 Mg ha ^-1农家肥 (NPK + FYM) 和 NPK + 0.40 Mg ha ^-1石灰（NPK + 石灰）。与 NPK 相比，长期施用 NPK + FYM 显着提高了土壤阳离子交换容量 (CEC)、有机碳、有效 NPK 和微生物功能。与 NPK 相比，施用 NPK + 石灰分别使土壤 pH 值、脱氢酶活性 (DHA) 和细菌数量增加 15.7%、38.8% 和 145%。连续施用无机磷肥会导致土壤中有效磷的大量积累。与 NPK 相比，用 NPK 施肥 FYM/石灰记录的作物产量更高。土壤DHA、细菌种群和CEC是影响粮食产量的最大因素。总体而言，长期施用 NPK 与 FYM/石灰可改善土壤健康和作物产量，但应减少 Alfisol 中无机磷的投入率。